Cisco IOS XR Fundamentals

By Mobeen Tahir, Mark Ghattas, Dawit Birhanu, Syed Natif Nawaz
Published May 26, 2009 by Cisco Press. Part of the Fundamentals series.

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Description

Sample Content

Updates

Copyright 2009
Pages: 512
Edition: 1st

eBook
ISBN-10: 1-58714-006-3
ISBN-13: 978-1-58714-006-8

Cisco IOS XR Fundamentals is a systematic, authoritative guide to configuring routers with Cisco IOS® XR, the next-generation flagship Cisco® Internet operating system.

In this book, a team of Cisco experts brings together quick, authoritative, and example-rich reference information for all the commands most frequently used to configure and troubleshoot Cisco IOS XR-based routers in both service provider and enterprise environments.

The authors walk you through the details of the Cisco IOS XR architecture and explain commands in the new Cisco IOS XR CLI wherever required. They present concise explanations of service provider requirements and internetwork theory, backed by proven sample configurations for IOS XR services, MPLS, multicast, system management, system security, routing, and interfaces.

Cisco IOS XR Fundamentals is an indispensable resource for designing, implementing, troubleshooting, administering, or selling networks containing Cisco IOS XR–supported routers. This is the only Cisco IOS XR book that:

Clearly explains how Cisco IOS XR meets the emerging requirements of both current and future networks
Gives network professionals extensive information for simplifying migration and taking full advantage of Cisco IOS XR’s new power
Presents detailed, tested configuration examples that network professionals can apply in their own networks
Walks through using new Cisco IOS XR features and the In-Service Software Upgrade (ISSU) process to minimize downtime and cost

Mobeen Tahir, CCIE® No. 12643 (R&S, SP), is a Cisco network consulting engineer with more than a decade of experience in designing and deploying service provider networks. He currently works for the WWSP practice team, which provides consulting services to Cisco NGN customers.

Mark Ghattas, CCIE No. 19706 (Service Provider), is a solution architect at Cisco and has been in the networking industry for more than 15 years. He focuses on IOS XR–based platforms for service providers and currently manages the World Wide Service Provider Practice team in Advanced Services.

Dawit Birhanu, CCIE No. 5602, is a technical leader at Cisco. He assists global service providers in deploying new NGN products and technologies. He specializes in IOS XR–based platforms, QoS, MPLS, and BGP.

Syed Natif Nawaz, CCIE No. 8825 (R&S, SP), has more than 10 years' experience in providing networking design, deployment, and escalation assistance to service provider customers. He is currently the IOS XE software development manager at Cisco, where he works on customer-focused software qualification, certification, and deployment; feature integration; release processes; and other software quality initiatives.

Use Cisco IOS XR to deliver superior scalability, availability, security, and service flexibility
Understand the Cisco IOS XR distributed, modular architecture
Design, implement, and troubleshoot networks containing Cisco IOS XR–supported routers
Configure Cisco IOS XR routing, including RIP, IS-IS, OSPF, and EIGRP
Learn BGP implementation details specific to Cisco IOS XR and using RPL to influence policies
Manage IP addresses and Cisco IOS XR services
Secure Cisco IOS XR using standard and extended ACLs, prefix lists, and uRPF
Master all facets of MPLS configuration, including LDP, L3VPN, and TE
Configure PIM, IGMP, and static RP multicast
Optimize networks using advanced Cisco IOS XR features, including secure domain routers
Learn building blocks of Multishelf, and understand configurations and migration techniques

This book is part of the Cisco Press® Fundamentals Series. Books in this series introduce networking professionals to new networking technologies, covering network topologies, sample deployment concepts, protocols, and management techniques.

Category: Networking: Routing and Switching

Covers: Cisco IOS XR

Foreword

Introduction

Chapter 1 Introducing Cisco IOS XR

Evolution of Networking

Requirements for Carrier-Grade NOS

Convergence

Scalability

Availability

Hardware Redundancy

Failure Recovery and Microkernel-Based NOS

Process Restartability

Failure Detection

Software Upgrades and Patching

Security

Service Flexibility

Operating System Concepts

Basic Functions of an Operating System

Process Scheduling

Interrupt Handling

Memory Management

Synchronization

Interprocess Communication

Dynamic Link Library

Portable Operating System Interface

High-Level Overview of Cisco IOS XR

Cisco IOS XR Platforms

Cisco CRS-1 Carrier Routing System

Cisco XR 12000 Series

Cisco ASR 9000 Series

Chapter 2 Cisco IOS XR Infrastructure

Cisco IOS XR Kernel

Threads

Scheduling Algorithms

Synchronization Services

Cisco IOS XR System Manager

Process Attributes

System Manager and Process Lifecycle

CLI for Sysmgr and Processes

Interprocess Communication

Characteristics of IPC Mechanisms

Synchronous Versus Asynchronous

Intra-node Versus Inter-node

Connection-Oriented Versus Rendezvous

Point-to-Point Versus Point-to-Multipoint

Light Weight Messaging

Group Service Protocol

Atomic Descriptor Ring

Qnet

Distributed Services

GSP

Bulk Content Downloader

Process Placement

Cisco IOS XR System Database

High Availability Architecture

Forwarding Path

Chapter 3 Installing Cisco IOS XR

Introduction to Cisco IOS XR Packages

Image Naming Conventions

Cisco IOS XR Bootable Files, PIEs, and SMUs

Composite Bootable Files

Composite Upgrade PIE

Optional PIEs

Software Maintenance Upgrade

Install System Overview

Preparing to Install Cisco IOS XR

TURBOBOOT

Setting the TURBOBOOT ROMMON Variable

Booting the .vm File from ROMMON

Verifying the Software Installation

Installing Packages

TURBOBOOT Considerations for the c12000 Platform

Booting the Standby RP

Upgrading to a Major Cisco IOS XR Version Using mini.pie

Install Rollback

Removing Inactive Packages

Performing an Install Audit

Disk Backup and Recovery

Creating a Backup Disk with Golden Disk

Disk Mirroring

Creating a Disk Partition

Turning On Disk Mirroring

Install Health Checks

Verifying MD5 Signature of a PIE or an SMU

Anticipating Disk Space Usage

Testing a PIE or SMU Installation

Verifying the config-register

Clearing Configuration Inconsistency

Chapter 4 Configuration Management

Understanding Distributed Configuration Management

Control Plane Configuration Management

Data Plane Configuration Management

Understanding Configuration Planes

Admin Plane

Shared Plane

Local Plane

Components of Configuration Management

Configuration Manager

Configuration File System

Role of SysDB in Configuration Management

Replicated Data Service File System

Understanding the Two-Stage Commit Model

Building the Target Configuration

Commit Operation

Commit Confirmed Option

Commit Failures

Configuration Failures During Startup

Configuration Features in Cisco IOS XR

Deleting Physical Interface

Configuration Navigation

Default Running Configuration Behavior

Troubleshooting Configuration Inconsistencies

Configuration Session Lock

Avoiding a Commit Operation and Clearing the Target Configurations

Option 1: Unlock the Configuration Session

Option 2: Use the clear Command

Option 3: Use the abort Command

Option 4: Use the end or exit Commands

Configuration Management During Hardware and Software Change Events

Configuration Management During Online Insertion and Removal Events

Case 1: Insert or Remove a Node

Case 2: Replace the Node with a Different Node

Case 3: Replace the Node with a Higher Density Node

Case 4: Replace the Node with a Lower Density Node

Configuration Management During Package Activation and Deactivation

Interface Preconfiguration

Configuration Template

Configuration Management During Router Startup

Configuration Rollback

Chapter 5 Cisco IOS XR Monitoring and Operations

Using SNMP

Configuring SNMP

Cisco IOS XR Syslog

SNMP in the Context of a VRF

Logging Destination

Local Archiving of Logging Messages

Embedded Event Manager

EEM Event Detectors and Events Processing

Timer Services Event Detector

Syslog Event Detector

None Event Detector

Watchdog System Monitor Event Detector

Distributed Event Detectors

Registering and Using Onboard EEM Policies

User-Defined EEM Policy

EEM Reliability Metrics

Monitoring Processes

WDSYSMON

Monitoring Memory

Using the show system verify Command

Operations and Monitoring Best Practices

Chapter 6 Cisco IOS XR Security

Secure Operating System

Securing Access to the Router

Admin Plane

SDR Plane

User Groups and Task Groups

User Group and Task Group Inheritance

External AAA

Configuring a TACACS+ Server

Authentication Using RADIUS

Configuring Secure Shell

Management Plane Protection

Securing the Forwarding Plane

Access Control Lists

Unicast RPF

Local Packet Transport Service

Mechanics Behind LPTS: A High-Level Overview

Configuring LPTS

Chapter 7 Routing IGP

Routing Information Protocol

Understanding RIP Fundamentals

RIP Versions

Configuring RIP in Cisco IOS XR

Configuring Route Policy Language

Configuring Passive Interface

Restarting, Shutting Down, and Blocking RIP

Verifying and Troubleshooting RIP

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

Understanding EIGRP Fundamentals

Neighbor Discovery/Recovery

Reliable Transport Protocol

Diffusing Update Algorithm

Protocol-Dependent Modules

Configuring EIGRP in Cisco IOS XR

Configuring Routing Policy

Configuring Router ID

Configuring and Verifying NSF

Verifying EIGRP Process Status

Verifying and Troubleshooting EIGRP

Open Shortest Path First

Understanding OSPF Fundamentals

Configuring OSPF in Cisco IOS XR

Configuring and Verifying OSPFv2

Hierarchical CLI and Inheritance

Configuring OSPFv2 Authentication

Verifying NSF Configuration and Standby RP Status

Configuring and Verifying Nonstop Routing

Configuring and Verifying Multiarea Adjacencies

Configuring and Verifying Bidirectional Forwarding Detection

Configuring OSPF Timers

Configuring and Verifying OSPFv3

Intermediate System to Intermediate System

Understanding IS-IS Fundamentals

Configuring IS-IS in Cisco IOS XR

Verifying the Single Topology Model

Configuring and Verifying the Multitopology Model

Configuring and Verifying Interface States

Configuring IS-IS NSF and IS-IS Timers

Configuring and Verifying BFD in IS-IS

Configuring and Verifying IP Fast Reroute

Configuring and Verifying Authentication in IOS XR IS-IS

Chapter 8 Implementing BGP in Cisco IOS XR

Cisco IOS XR BGP Architectural Overview

Cisco IOS XR BGP Hierarchical Configuration

Address Family Configuration Mode

Configuration Groups

Implementing BGP Policies

Routing Policy Language

Prefix Set

AS-path Set

Community Set

Routing Policies

Hierarchical Policies and Parameterization

BGP Policy Accounting

BGP Remotely Triggered Black Hole

BGP Graceful Restart

BGP Distributed Speaker

Cisco IOS XR BGP Convergence

Chapter 9 Cisco IOS XR MPLS Architecture

Understanding Cisco IOS XR MPLS Architecture Fundamentals

TTL Processing

Cisco IOS XR MPLS Load Balancing

Label Distribution Protocol

LDP Basic Configuration

LDP Parameters

LDP Label Control

LDP-IGP Sync and LDP Session Protection

MPLS Traffic Engineering

Cisco IOS XR Peer-to-Peer L3VPN

Virtual Routing Forwarding Tables

MP-iBGP Between PE Routers

Routing Between CE and PE

Static Routing for CE-PE

eBGP as CE-PE Protocol

OSPF as CE-PE Protocol

RIP as CE-PE Protocol

L2VPN

Virtual Private Wire Service

VPWS Configuration in IOS XR

Pseudo Wire Redundancy

Virtual Private VLAN Service

Chapter 10 Cisco IOS XR Multicast

Understanding Multicast Routing Fundamentals

Internet Group Management Protocol

IGMPv2

IGMPv3

Protocol Independent Multicast

Understanding Cisco IOS XR Multicast

Understanding Cisco IOS XR PIM Sparse Mode

Understanding PIM Source Specific Multicast on IOS XR

Configuring Cisco IOS XR Multicast

Enabling Multicast Routing

Configuring IGMP

Configuring PIM

Configuring Static RP

Auto-RP

BSR

PIM SSM Configuration

Monitoring and Troubleshooting Cisco IOS XR Multicast

Debugging Multicast on the CRS Router’s Ingress Path

Debugging Multicast in Router’s Fabric and Egress Path

Debugging an RPF Failure Using a Line Card MFIB Command

Chapter 11 Secure Domain Router

Owner and Non-Owner SDR

Understanding SDR Privileges

Creating a Secure Domain Router

DRP

Configuring a Secure Domain Router

Creating a Named Secure Domain Router

Assigning Resources to a Named SDR

Logging In to a Newly Named SDR

Process Placement

Chapter 12 Understanding CRS-1 Multishelf

Multishelf Overview

Line Card Chassis

Fabric Card Chassis

Switch Fabric Cards

Fabric Data Path

High Availability

Multishelf Fabric Interconnect

Fabric Planes

SEA Links

Fabric Backpressure

Optical Array Cables

Recommended Practices and Considerations

Single Module Fabric Configuration

Multimodule Configuration

Multishelf Control Ethernet

Multishelf Configuration

Viewing the Configuration

Line Card Chassis to Multishelf Preparation

Troubleshooting Multishelf Fabric Planes

Troubleshooting Fabric Links

Appendix A ROMMON and Configuration Register Settings

Appendix B Multishelf 2+1 Array Cable Mapping

Appendix C Switch Fabric Down Flags

9781587052712 TOC 5/19/2009

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