Voice over IP Fundamentals, 2nd Edition

By Jonathan Davidson, James F. Peters, Manoj Bhatia, Satish Kalidindi, Sudipto Mukherjee
Published Jul 27, 2006 by Cisco Press. Part of the Fundamentals series.

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Description

Sample Content

Updates

Copyright 2006
Dimensions: 7-3/8" x 9-1/8"
Edition: 2nd

eBook
ISBN-10: 1-58705-279-2
ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-279-8

A systematic approach to understanding the basics of voice over IP

Understand the basics of enterprise and public telephony networking, IP networking, and how voice is transported over IP networks

Learn the various caveats of converging voice and data networks

Examine the basic VoIP signaling protocols (H.323, MGCP/H.248, SIP) and primary legacy voice signaling protocols (ISDN, C7/SS7)

Explore how VoIP can run the same applications as the existing telephony system but in a more cost-efficient and scalable manner

Delve into such VoIP topics as jitter, latency, packet loss, codecs, QoS tools, and security

Voice over IP (VoIP) has become an important factor in network communications, promising lower operational costs, greater flexibility, and a variety of enhanced applications. To help you understand VoIP networks, Voice over IP Fundamentals provides a thorough introduction to the basics of VoIP.

Voice over IP Fundamentals explains how a basic IP telephony infrastructure is built and works today, major concepts concerning voice and data networking, and transmission of voice over data networks. You’ll learn how voice is signaled through legacy telephone networks, how IP signaling protocols are used to interoperate with current telephony systems, and how to ensure good voice quality using quality of service (QoS).

Even though Voice over IP Fundamentals is written for anyone seeking to understand how to use IP to transport voice, its target audience comprises both voice and data networking professionals. In the past, professionals working in voice and data networking did not have to understand each other’s roles. However, in this world of time-division multiplexing (TDM) and IP convergence, it is important to understand how these technologies work together. Voice over IP Fundamentals explains all the details so that voice experts can understand data networking and data experts can understand voice networking.

The second edition of this best-selling book includes new chapters on the importance of billing and mediation in a VoIP network, security, and the common types of threats inherent when packet voice environments, public switched telephone networks (PSTN), and VoIP interoperate. It also explains enterprise and service-provider applications and services.

Introduction

Part I PSTN

Chapter 1 Overview of the PSTN and Comparisons to Voice over IP

The Beginning of the PSTN

Understanding PSTN Basics

Analog and Digital Signaling

Digital Voice Signals

Local Loops, Trunks, and Interswitch Communication

PSTN Signaling

PSTN Services and Applications

PSTN Numbering Plans

Drivers Behind the Convergence Between Voice and Data Networking

Drawbacks to the PSTN

Packet Telephony Network Drivers

Standards-Based Packet Infrastructure Layer

Open Call-Control Layer

VoIP Call-Control Protocols

Open Service Application Layer

New PSTN Network Infrastructure Model

Summary

Chapter 2 Enterprise Telephony Today

Similarities Between PSTN and ET

Differences Between PSTN and ET

Signaling Treatment

Advanced Features

Common ET and PSTN Interworking

ET Networks Provided by PSTN

Private ET Networks

Summary

Chapter 3 Basic Telephony Signaling

Signaling Overview

Analog and Digital Signaling

Direct Current Signalin8

In-Band and Out-of-Band Signaling

Loop-Start and Ground-Start Signaling

CAS and CCS

E&M Signaling

Type I

Type II

Type III

Type IV

Type V

CAS

Bell System MF Signaling

CCITT No. 5 Signaling

ISDN

ISDN Service5

ISDN Access Interface6

ISDN L2 and L3 Protocols

Basic ISDN Call

QSIG

QSIG Service4

QSIG Architecture and Reference Points

QSIG Protocol Stac5

QSIG Basic Call Setup and Teardown Example

DPNSS

Summary

Chapter 4 Signaling System 7

SS7 Network Architecture

Signaling Elements

Signaling Links

SS7 Protocol Overview

Physical Layer—MTP L1

Data Layer—MTP L2

Network Layer—MTP3

SCCP

TUP

ISUP

TCAP

SS7 Examples

Basic Call Setup and Teardown Example

800 Database Query Example

List of SS7 Specifications

Summary

Chapter 5 PSTN Services

Plain Old Telephone Service

Custom Calling Features

CLASS Features

Voice Mail

Business Services

Virtual Private Voice Networks

Centrex Services

Call Center Services

Service Provider Services

Database Service

Operator Services

Summary

Part II Voice over IP Technology

Chapter 6 IP Tutorial

OSI Reference Model

The Application Layer

The Presentation Layer

The Session Layer

The Transport Layer

The Network Layer

The Data Link Layer

The Physical Layer

Internet Protocol

Data Link Layer Addresses

IP Addressing

Routing Protocols

Distance-Vector Routing

Link-State Routing

BGP

IS-IS

OSPF

IGRP

EIGRP

RIP

IP Transport Mechanisms

TCP

UDP

Summary

References

Chapter 7 VoIP: An In-Depth Analysis

Delay/Latency

Propagation Delay

Handling Delay

Queuing Delay

Jitter

Pulse Code Modulation

What Is PCM?

A Sampling Example for Satellite Networks

Voice Compression

Voice Coding Standards

Mean Opinion Score

Perceptual Speech Quality Measurement

Echo

Packet Loss

Voice Activity Detection

Digital-to-Analog Conversion

Tandem Encoding

Transport Protocols

RTP

Reliable User Data Protocol

Dial-Plan Design

End Office Switch Call-Flow Versus IP Phone Call

Summary

References

Chapter 8 Quality of Service

QoS Network Toolkit

Edge Functions

Bandwidth Limitations

cRTP

Queuing

Packet Classification

Traffic Policing

Traffic Shaping

Edge QoS Wrap-Up

Backbone Networks

High-Speed Transport

Congestion Avoidance

Backbone QoS Wrap-Up

Rules of Thumb for QoS

Cisco Labs’ QoS Testing

Summary

Chapter 9 Billing and Mediation Services

Billing Basics

Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)

RADIUS

Vendor-Specific Attributes (VSA)

Billing Formats

Case Study: Cisco SIP Proxy Server and Billing

RADIUS Server Accounting

Challenges for VoIP Networks

Mediation Services

Summary

Chapter 10 Voice Security

Security Requirements

Security Technologies

Shared-Key Approaches

Public-Key Cryptography

Protecting Voice Devices

Disabling Unused Ports/Services

HIPS

Protecting IP Network Infrastructure

Segmentation

Traffic Policing

802.1x Device Authentication

Layer 2 Tools

NIPS

Layer 3 Tools

Security Planning and Policies

Transitive Trust

VoIP Protocol-Specific Issues

Complexity Tradeoffs

NAT/Firewall Traversal

Password and Access Control

Summary

Part III IP Signaling Protocols

Chapter 11 H.323

H.323 Elements

Terminal

Gateway

Gatekeeper

The MCU and Elements

H.323 Proxy Server

H.323 Protocol Suite

RAS Signaling

Call Control Signaling (H.225)

Media Control and Transport (H.245 and RTP/RTCP)

H.323 Call-Flows

Summary

Chapter 12 SIP

SIP Overview

Functionality That SIP Provides

SIP Network Elements

Interaction with Other IETF Protocols

Message Flow in SIP Network

SIP Message Building Blocks

SIP Addressing

SIP Messages

SIP Transactions and Dialog

Transport Layer Protocols for SIP Signaling

Basic Operation of SIP

Proxy Server Example

Redirect Server Example

B2BUA Server Example

SIP Procedures for Registration and Routing

User Agent Discovering SIP Servers in a Network

SIP Registration and User Mobility

SIP Message Routing

Routing of Subsequent Requests Within a SIP Dialog

Signaling Forking at the Proxy

Enhanced Proxy Routing

SIP Extensions

SIP Extension Negotiation Mechanism: Require, Supported, Allow Headers

Caller and Callee Preferences

SIP Event Notification Framework: Subscription and Notifications

SUBSCRIBE and NOTIFY Methods

Monitoring Registration State Using the Subscription-Notification Framework

SIP REFER Request

Presence and Instant Messaging Overview

SIP Extensions for IM and Presence

Summary

Chapter 13 Gateway Control Protocols

MGCP Overview

MGCP Model

Endpoints

Connections

Calls

MGCP Commands and Messages

CreateConnection (CRCX)

ModifyConnection (MDCX)

DeleteConnection (DLCX)

NotificationRequest (RQNT)

Notification (NTFY)

AuditEndpoint (AUEP)

AuditConnection (AUCX)

RestartIn-Progress (RSIP)

EndpointConfiguration (EPCF)

MGCP Response Messages

MGCP Call Flows

Basic MGCP Call Flow

Trunking GW-to-Trunking GW Call Flow

Advanced MGCP Features

Events and Event Packages

Digit Maps

Embedded Notification Requests

Non-IP Bearer Networks

H.248/MEGACO

Summary

Part IV VoIP Applications and Services

Chapter 14 PSTN and VoIP Interworking

Cisco Packet Telephony

Packet Voice Network Overview

Network Elements

Residential Gateway

Network Interfaces

PGW2200 Architecture and Operations

PGW2200-Supported Protocols

Execution Environment

North American Numbering Plan

PGW2200 Implementation

Application Check-Pointing

MGC Node Manager

Accounting

PSTN Signaling Over IP

SCTP

IUA

Changing Landscape of PSTN-IP Interworking

Session Border Controller (SBC)

Summary

Chapter 15 Service Provider VoIP Applications and Services

The Service Provider Dilemma

Service Provider Applications and Benefits

Service Provider VoIP Deployment: Vonage

VoIP Operational Advantages

Service Provider Case Study: Prepaid Calling Card

BOWIE.net Multiservice Networks

Session Border Control: Value Addition

VoIP Peering: Top Priority for the Service Providers

Service Provider VoIP and Consumer Fixed Mobile Convergence

Summary

Chapter 16 Enterprise Voice over IP Applications and Services

Migrating to VoIP Architecture

Enterprise Voice Applications and Benefits

Advanced Enterprise Applications

Web-Based Collaboration and Conference

The Need for Presence Information

Presence-Aware Services

Wi-Fi–Enabled Phones

Better Voice Quality Using Wideband Codecs

Summary

1587052571 TOC 7/6/2006

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