Traffic Engineering with MPLS
- By Eric Osborne, Ajay Simha
- Published Jul 17, 2002 by Cisco Press.
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- Copyright 2003
- Dimensions: 7-3/8" x 9-1/8"
- Pages: 608
- Edition: 1st
- eBook
- ISBN-10: 1-58705-355-1
- ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-355-9
Design, configure, and manage MPLS TE to optimize network performance
Almost every busy network backbone has some congested links while others remain underutilized. That's because shortest-path routing protocols send traffic down the path that is shortest without considering other network parameters, such as utilization and traffic demands. Using Traffic Engineering (TE), network operators can redistribute packet flows to attain more uniform distribution across all links. Forcing traffic onto specific pathways allows you to get the most out of your existing network capacity while making it easier to deliver consistent service levels to customers at the same time.
Cisco(r) Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) lends efficiency to very large networks, and is the most effective way to implement TE. MPLS TE routes traffic flows across the network by aligning resources required by a given flow with actual backbone capacity and topology. This constraint-based routing approach feeds the network route traffic down one or more pathways, preventing unexpected congestion and enabling recovery from link or node failures.
Traffic Engineering with MPLS provides you with information on how to use MPLS TE and associated features to maximize network bandwidth. This book focuses on real-world applications, from design scenarios to feature configurations to tools that can be used in managing and troubleshooting MPLS TE. Assuming some familiarity with basic label operations, this guide focuses mainly on the operational aspects of MPLS TE-how the various pieces work and how to configure and troubleshoot them. Additionally, this book addresses design and scalability issues along with extensive deployment tips to help you roll out MPLS TE on your own network.
- Understand the background of TE and MPLS, and brush up on MPLS forwarding basics
- Learn about router information distribution and how to bring up MPLS TE tunnels in a network
- Understand MPLS TE's Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF) and mechanisms you can use to influence CSPF's path calculation
- Use the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) to implement Label-Switched Path setup
- Use various mechanisms to forward traffic down a tunnel
- Integrate MPLS into the IP quality of service (QoS) spectrum of services
- Utilize Fast Reroute (FRR) to mitigate packet loss associated with link and node failures
- Understand Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)-based measurement and accounting services that are available for MPLS
- Evaluate design scenarios for scalable MPLS TE deployments
- Manage MPLS TE networks by examining common configuration mistakes and utilizing tools for troubleshooting MPLS TE problems
"Eric and Ajay work in the development group at Cisco that built Traffic Engineering. They are among those with the greatest hands-on experience with this application. This book is the product of their experience."
-George Swallow, Cisco Systems, Architect for Traffic Engineering
Co-Chair, IETF MPLS Working Group
Eric Osborne, CCIE(r) #4122, has been doing Internet engineering of one sort or another since 1995. He joined Cisco in 1998 to work in the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC), moved from there to the ISP Expert team and then to the MPLS Deployment team. He has been involved in MPLS since the Cisco IOS(r) Software Release 11.1CT days.
Ajay Simha, CCIE #2970, joined the Cisco TAC in 1996. He then went on to support tier 1 and 2 ISPs as part of Cisco's ISP Expert team. Ajay has been working as an MPLS deployment engineer since October 1999, and he has first-hand experience in troubleshooting, designing, and deploying MPLS.
Table of Contents
1. Understanding Traffic Engineering with MPLS.
Basic Networking Concepts. What Is Traffic Engineering? Traffic Engineering Before MPLS. Enter MPLS. Using MPLS TE in Real Life. Summary.
2. MPLS Forwarding Basics.
MPLS Terminology. Forwarding Fundamentals. Label Distribution Protocol. Label Distribution Protocol Configuration. Summary.
3. Information Distribution.
MPLS Traffic Engineering Configuration. What Information Is Distributed. When Information Is Distributed. How Information Is Distributed. Summary.
4. Path Calculation and Setup.
How SPF Works. How CSPF Works. Tunnel Reoptimization. Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP). Interarea Tunnels. Link Manager. Summary.
5. Forwarding Traffic Down Tunnels.
Forwarding Traffic Down Tunnels Using Static Routes. Forwarding Traffic Down Tunnels with Policy-Based Routing. Forwarding Traffic Down Tunnels with Autoroute. Load Sharing. Forwarding Adjacency. Automatic Bandwidth Adjustment. Summary.
6. Quality of Service with MPLS TE.
The DiffServ Architecture. A Quick MQC Review. DiffServ and IP Packets. DiffServ and MPLS Packets. Label Stack Treatment. Tunnel Modes. DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering (DS-TE). Forwarding DS-TE Traffic Down a Tunnel. Summary.
7. Protection and Restoration.
The Need for Fast Reroute. What Is Protection? Types of Protection. Link Protection. Node Protection. Advanced Protection Issues. Summary.
8. MPLS TE Management.
MPLS LSR MIB. MPLS TE MIB. Summary.
9. Network Design with MPLS TE.
Sample Network for Case Studies. Different Types of TE Design. Tactical TE Design. Online Strategic TE Design. Offline Strategic TE Design. Protection Scalability. Forwarding Adjacency Scalability. Summary.
10. MPLS TE Deployment Tips.
Bandwidth and Delay Measurements. Fine-Tuning MPLS TE Parameters. Migrating IS-IS from Narrow to Wide Metrics. TE and Multicast. Tunnel Identification Schemes. Combining MPLS TE with MPLS VPNs. Deployment Possibilities. Summary.
11. Troubleshooting MPLS TE.
Common Configuration Mistakes. Tools for Troubleshooting MPLS TE Problems. Finding the Root Cause of the Problem. Summary.
Appendix A MPLS TE Command Index.
Appendix B CCO and Other References.
Index.