SSL Remote Access VPNs (Network Security)

By Qiang Huang, Jazib Frahim
Published Jun 3, 2008 by Cisco Press.

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Description

Sample Content

Updates

Copyright 2008
Pages: 376
Edition: 1st

eBook
ISBN-10: 1-58705-783-2
ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-783-0

SSL Remote Access VPNs

An introduction to designing and configuring SSL virtual private networks

Jazib Frahim, CCIE® No. 5459

Qiang Huang, CCIE No. 4937

Cisco® SSL VPN solutions (formerly known as Cisco WebVPN solutions) give you a flexible and secure way to extend networking resources to virtually any remote user with access to the Internet and a web browser. Remote access based on SSL VPN delivers secure access to network resources by establishing an encrypted tunnel across the Internet using a broadband (cable or DSL) or ISP dialup connection.

SSL Remote Access VPNs provides you with a basic working knowledge of SSL virtual private networks on Cisco SSL VPN-capable devices. Design guidance is provided to assist you in implementing SSL VPN in existing network infrastructures. This includes examining existing hardware and software to determine whether they are SSL VPN capable, providing design recommendations, and guiding you on setting up the Cisco SSL VPN devices. Common deployment scenarios are covered to assist you in deploying an SSL VPN in your network.

SSL Remote Access VPNs gives you everything you need to know to understand, design, install, configure, and troubleshoot all the components that make up an effective, secure SSL VPN solution.

Jazib Frahim, CCIE® No. 5459, is currently working as a technical leader in the Worldwide Security Services Practice of the Cisco Advanced Services for Network Security. He is responsible for guiding customers in the design and implementation of their networks, with a focus on network security. He holds two CCIEs, one in routing and switching and the other in security.

Qiang Huang, CCIE No. 4937, is a product manager in the Cisco Campus Switch System Technology Group, focusing on driving the security and intelligent services roadmap for market-leading modular Ethernet switching platforms. During his time at Cisco, Qiang has played an important role in a number of technology groups, including the Cisco TAC security and VPN team, where he was responsible for trouble-shooting complicated customer deployments in security and VPN solutions. Qiang has extensive knowledge of security and VPN technologies and experience in real-life customer deployments. Qiang holds CCIE certifications in routing and switching, security, and

ISP Dial.

Understand remote access VPN technologies, such as Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP), Internet Protocol Security (IPsec), Layer 2 Forwarding (L2F), Layer 2 Tunneling (L2TP) over IPsec, and SSL VPN

Learn about the building blocks of SSL VPN, including cryptographic algorithms and SSL and Transport Layer Security (TLS)

Evaluate common design best practices for planning and designing an SSL VPN solution

Gain insight into SSL VPN functionality on Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) and Cisco IOS® routers
Install and configure SSL VPNs on Cisco ASA and Cisco IOS routers
Manage your SSL VPN deployment using Cisco Security Manager

This security book is part of the Cisco Press® Networking Technology Series. Security titles from Cisco Press help networking professionals secure critical data and resources, prevent and mitigate network attacks, and build end-to-end self-defending networks.

Category: Networking: Security

Covers: SSL VPNs

Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction to Remote Access VPN Technologies

Remote Access Technologies 5

IPsec 5

Software-Based VPN Clients 7

Hardware-Based VPN Clients 7

SSL VPN 7

L2TP 9

L2TP over IPsec 11

PPTP 13

Summary 14

Chapter 2: SSL VPN Technology

Cryptographic Building Blocks of SSL VPNs 17

Hashing and Message Integrity Authentication 17

Hashing 18

Message Authentication Code 18

Encryption 20

RC4 21

DES and 3DES 22

AES 22

Diffie-Hellman 23

RSA and DSA 24

Digital Signatures and Digital Certification 24

Digital Signatures 24

Public Key Infrastructure, Digital Certificates, and Certification 25

SSL and TLS 30

SSL and TLS History 30

SSL Protocols Overview 31

OSI Layer Placement and TCP/IP Protocol Support 31

SSL Record Protocol and Handshake Protocols 33

SSL Connection Setup 34

Application Data 42

Case Study: SSL Connection Setup 43

DTLS 48

SSL VPN 49

Reverse Proxy Technology 50

URL Mangling 52

Content Rewriting 53

Port-Forwarding Technology 55

Terminal Services 58

SSL VPN Tunnel Client 58

Summary 59

References 60

Chapter 3: SSL VPN Design Considerations

Not All Resource Access Methods Are Equal 63

User Authentication and Access Privilege Management 65

User Authentication 66

Choice of Authentication Servers 66

AAA Server Scalability and High Availability 67

AAA Server Scalability 67

AAA Server High Availability and Resiliency 68

Resource Access Privilege Management 68

Security Considerations 70

Security Threats 71

Lack of Security on Unmanaged Computers 71

Data Theft 71

Man-in-the-Middle Attacks 72

Web Application Attack 73

Spread of Viruses, Worms, and Trojans from Remote Computers to the Internal Network 73

Split Tunneling 73

Password Attacks 74

Security Risk Mitigation 74

Strong User Authentication and Password Policy 75

Choose Strong Cryptographic Algorithms 75

Session Timeout and Persistent Sessions 75

Endpoint Security Posture Assessment and Validation 75

VPN Session Data Protection 76

Techniques to Prevent Data Theft 76

Web Application Firewalls, Intrusion Prevention Systems, and Antivirus and Network Admission Control Technologies 77

Device Placement 78

Platform Options 79

Virtualization 79

High Availability 80

Performance and Scalability 81

Summary 82

References 82

Chapter 4: Cisco SSL VPN Family of Products

Overview of Cisco SSL VPN Product Portfolio 85

Cisco ASA 5500 Series 87

SSL VPN History on Cisco ASA 87

SSL VPN Specifications on Cisco ASA 88

SSL VPN Licenses on Cisco ASA 89

Cisco IOS Routers 90

SSL VPN History on Cisco IOS Routers 90

SSL VPN Licenses on Cisco IOS Routers 90

Summary 91

Chapter 5: SSL VPNs on Cisco ASA

SSL VPN Design Considerations 93

SSL VPN Prerequisites 95

SSL VPN Licenses 95

Client Operating System and Browser and Software Requirements 96

Infrastructure Requirements 97

Pre-SSL VPN Configuration Guide 97

Enrolling Digital Certificates (Recommended) 98

Step 1: Configuring a Trustpoint 98

Step 2: Obtaining a CA Certificate 99

Step 3: Obtaining an Identity Certificate 100

Setting Up ASDM 101

Uploading ASDM 102

Setting Up the Appliance 103

Accessing ASDM 104

Setting Up Tunnel and Group Policies 106

Configuring Group-Policies 107

Configuring a Tunnel Group 110

Setting Up User Authentication 110

Clientless SSL VPN Configuration Guide 114

Enabling Clientless SSL VPN on an Interface 116

Configuring SSL VPN Portal Customization 117

Logon Page 118

Portal Page 123

Logout Page 125

Portal Customization and User Group 126

Full Customization 129

Configuring Bookmarks 134

Configuring Websites 135

Configuring File Servers 137

Applying a Bookmark List to a Group Policy 139

Single Sign-On 140

Configuring Web-Type ACLs 141

Configuring Application Access 144

Configuring Port Forwarding 144

Configuring Smart Tunnels 147

Configuring Client-Server Plug-Ins 150

AnyConnect VPN Client Configuration Guide 152

Loading the SVC Package 154

Defining AnyConnect VPN Client Attributes 155

Enabling AnyConnect VPN Client Functionality 155

Defining a Pool of Addresses 156

Configuring Traffic Filters 159

Configuring a Tunnel Group 159

Advanced Full Tunnel Features 159

Split Tunneling 159

DNS and WINS Assignment 161

Keeping the SSL VPN Client Installed 162

Configuring DTLS 163

Cisco Secure Desktop 164

CSD Components 165

Secure Desktop Manager 165

Secure Desktop 165

Cache Cleaner 166

CSD Requirements 166

Supported Operating Systems 166

User Privileges 167

Supported Internet Browsers 167

Internet Browser Settings 167

CSD Architecture 168

Configuring CSD 169

Loading the CSD Package 169

Defining Prelogin Sequences 170

Host Scan 182

Host Scan Modules 183

Basic Host Scan 183

Endpoint Assessment 183

Advanced Endpoint Assessment 184

Configuring Host Scan 184

Setting Up Basic Host Scan 184

Enabling Endpoint Host Scan 186

Setting Up an Advanced Endpoint Host Scan 187

Dynamic Access Policies 189

DAP Architecture 190

DAP Records 191

DAP Selection Rules 191

DAP Configuration File 191

DAP Sequence of Events 191

Configuring DAP 192

Selecting a AAA Attribute 193

Selecting Endpoint Attributes 195

Defining Access Policies 197

Deployment Scenarios 205

AnyConnect Client with CSD and External Authentication 206

Step 1: Set Up CSD 207

Step 2: Set Up RADIUS for Authentication 207

Step 3: Configure AnyConnect SSL VPN 208

Clientless Connections with DAP 209

Step 1: Define Clientless Connections 210

Step 2: Configuring DAP 211

Monitoring and Troubleshooting SSL VPN 212

Monitoring SSL VPN 212

Troubleshooting SSL VPN 215

Troubleshooting SSL Negotiations 215

Troubleshooting AnyConnect Client Issues 215

Troubleshooting Clientless Issues 217

Troubleshooting CSD 219

Troubleshooting DAP 219

Summary 220

Chapter 6: SSL VPNs on Cisco IOS Routers

SSL VPN Design Considerations 223

IOS SSL VPN Prerequisites 225

IOS SSL VPN Configuration Guide 226

Configuring Pre-SSL VPN Setup 226

Setting Up User Authentication 226

Enrolling Digital Certificates (Recommended) 229

Loading SDM (Recommended) 232

Initial SSL VPN Configuration 235

Step 1: Setting Up an SSL VPN Gateway 237

Step 2: Setting Up an SSL VPN Context 239

Step 3: Configuring SSL VPN Look and Feel 241

Step 4: Configuring SSL VPN Group Policies 245

Advanced SSL VPN Features 247

Configuring Clientless SSL VPNs 247

Windows File Sharing 253

Configuring Application ACL 257

Thin Client SSL VPNs 259

Step 1: Defining Port-Forwarding Lists 261

Step 2: Mapping Port-Forwarding Lists to a Group Policy 262

AnyConnect SSL VPN Client 264

Step 1: Loading the AnyConnect Package 264

Step 2: Defining AnyConnect VPN Client Attributes 266

Cisco Secure Desktop 276

CSD Components 277

Secure Desktop Manager 277

Secure Desktop 277

Cache Cleaner 278

CSD Requirements 278

Supported Operating Systems 278

User Privileges 279

Supported Internet Browsers 279

Internet Browser Settings 279

CSD Architecture 280

Configuring CSD 281

Step 1: Loading the CSD Package 282

Step 2: Launching the CSD Package 283

Step 3: Defining Policies for Windows-Based Clients 283

Defining Policies for Windows CE 298

Defining Policies for the Mac and Linux Cache Cleaner 298

Deployment Scenarios 301

Clientless Connections with CSD 301

Step 1: User Authentication and DNS 302

Step 2: Set Up CSD 303

Step 3: Define Clientless Connections 303

AnyConnect Client and External Authentication 304

Step 1: Set Up RADIUS for Authentication 305

Step 2: Install the AnyConnect SSL VPN 306

Step 3: Configure AnyConnect SSL VPN Properties 306

Monitoring an SSL VPN in Cisco IOS 307

Summary 311

Chapter 7: Management of SSL VPNs

Multidevice Policy Provisioning 314

Device View and Policy View 314

Device View 314

Policy View 318

Use of Common Objects for Multidevice Management 320

Workflow Control and Role-Based Access Control 322

Workflow Control 323

Workflow Mode 324

Role-Based Administration 326

Native Mode 326

Cisco Secure ACS Integration Mode 327

Summary 331

References 331

1587052423 TOC 5/13/2008

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