OSPF Network Design Solutions

Features

A practical handbook for OSPF network design and deployment.

• Learn the most effective OSPF network design and deployment solutions
• Master OSPF routing and network design issues such as OSPF convergence, area design, route selection, and VLSM
• Ensure network management and security through coverage of SNMP, MIBs, and OSPF's inherent security features
• Use system logging and debugging commands to monitor and troubleshoot your network
• Anticipate solutions to network growth with knowledge of router CPU utilization, OSPF Internet connections, route summarization, router additions, and network expansion with VLSM

OSPF Network Design Solutions presents a detailed, applied look into the workings of the popular Open Shortest Path First protocol, demonstrating how to dramatically increase network performance, security, and the ease with which large-scale networks are maintained.

The opening chapters cover network foundations and network protocol selection. Subsequent chapters quickly delve into the details of OSPF routing and network design. Advanced design concepts are also covered. Later chapters focus on implementation and troubleshooting issues, network design methodology, and configuration details for different network types and area parameters. Finally, you will learn about some established and experimental techniques designed to contend with network growth. Practical case studies support concepts presented throughout the book.

Table of Contents

I. CONTEMPORARY INTRANETS.

Intranets - The Largest Stage in the Evolution of Networking. Mainframe/Host Network Model. Client/Server Model. Typical Corporate Intranets. Reacting to Accelerated Network Growth. Managing Accelerated Network Growth. Scaling Performance. Extending Network Reach. Controlling Your Intranet. Understanding the OSI Reference Model. What Is the OSI Reference Model? Why Was the OSI Reference Model Needed? Characteristics of the OSI Layers. Understanding the Seven Layers of the OSI. Reference Model. Upper Layers (Layers 5, 6, 7, - Handle Application Issues. OSI Reference Model Layers and Information Exchange. Header and Data. How Does the OSI Reference Model Process Work? Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Protocols. Intranet Topologies. Local Area Networks (LANs). Wide Area Networks (WANs). Summary.

Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing. Class A Addresses. Class B Addresses. Class C Addresses. Class D Addresses. Class E Addresses. How IP Addresses Are Used. How IP Addresses Are Read. The Role of IP Addresses. IP Subnet Addressing. Subnet Masking. Subnetting Restrictions. Explaining the Need for VLSM and CIDR. Route Summarization (Aggregation or Supernetting). Classful Routing. Classless Routing. Variable-Length Subnet Masks (VLSM). VLSM Design Guidelines & Techniques. Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR). Validating a CIDRized Network. What Do Those /16s and /24s Mean? Important CIDR Terms. IP Classless. CIDR Translation Table. Manually Computing the Value of a CIDR IP Prefix. Internetwork Components. Networks. Bridges. Gateways. Hubs. Switches. LAN Switches. Packet Switches. CSU. DSU. Router. Routing. Component Interaction with the OSI Model. Understanding Router Subinterfaces. Point-to-Point Subinterfaces. Multipoint Subinterfaces. Network Protocols. TCP/IP Protocol Suite. Basic Protocol Operations. Summary. Case Study: Where Is the Network Broken? Verifying the Physical Connection Between the DSU/CSU and the Router. Verifying The Router and Frame Relay Provider Are Properly Exchanging LMI. Verifying That the PVC Status Is Active. Verifying That the Frame Relay Encapsulation Matches on Both Routers. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs).

Routing Protocols. Routing Concepts. Routing Updates. Switching Algorithms. Routing Algorithm Design Goals. Routing Algorithm Types. Algorithm Metrics. Distance Vector Protocols. Routing Information Protocol (RIP). RIP Specifications. Key Characteristics of RIP. Routing with RIP. RIP Routing Updates. RIP Timers. Increasing RIP Stability. RIP Packet Format. Configuring RIP. Link State Protocols. The Link-State Database. Integrated Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS). Selecting a Routing Protocol. Operational Considerations. Technical Considerations. Business Considerations. Summary. Case Study: Configuring a RIP Network. Frequently Asked Questions.

II. OSPF ROUTING AND NETWORK DESIGN.

OSPF Overview. The Development and Evolution of OSPF. OSPF RFCs. RFC Conclusions. OSPF Functional Environment. OSPF Network Types. Router Identification. Neighbors. Adjacencies. Designated Routers (DRs). Protocols Within OSPF. Link-State Advertisement (LSA). Link-State Database. OSPF Routing Hierarchy. Types of OSPF Routers. Hierarchical Network Design Techniques. Understanding Autonomous Systems. Understanding Areas. Routing Within a Hierarchical Structure. Summary. Case Study: Adding a New OSPF Router to a Network. Case Study: Dynamic IP Routing (OSPF) Using IP Unnumbered Point-To-Point. Subinterfaces. Frequently Asked Questions. Solutions to Common OSPF Problems. OSPF Routers Not Establishing Neighbors. OSPF Routes Missing from Routing Table.

OSPF Algorithms. OSPF Cost. Shortest Path Tree. OSPF Convergence. Detecting Changes to the Network Topology. Rapid Recalculation of Routes. OSPF Design Guidelines. OSPF Network Topology. OSPF Network Scalability. Area Design Considerations. Justifying the Use of Areas and Multiple Areas. Non-Stub Area Characteristics. The LSDV Within an Area. Area Partitions: Outages or Network Growth? The Golden Rules of Area Design. Critical Aspects of Area Design. Designing the Backbone Area. Stub Areas. OSPF Route Selection. Tuning OSPF Metrics. Controlling Inter-Area Traffic. Load Balancing in OSPF Internetworks. OSPF IP Addressing & Route Summarization. IP Addressing & Route Summarization Design Golden Rules. OSPF Route Summarization Techniques. Route Summarization and Route Distribution. OSPF Addressing and Summarization Scenarios. VLSM in OSPF. Summary. OSPF Case Study: Point-to-Multipoint Link Networks. Router Configuration Examples. Case Study Conclusion. Frequently Asked Questions.

OSPF Redistribution. Redistribution Routes into OSPF. Redistributing OSPF into Other Protocols. Mutual Route Redistribution. Injecting Default Routes into OSPF. Designing OSPF On-Demand Circuits. Golden Rules for Designing Demand Circuits. Dial On-Demand Design Scenarios. OSPF Configuration Commands. area authentication. area default-cost. area-id. area nssa. area range. area stub. area virtual-link. default-information originate. default metric. distance. distribute-list out. ip ospf authentication-key. ip ospf cost. ip ospf dead-interval. ip ospf demand circuit. ip ospf hello-interval. ip ospf message-digest-key. ip ospf name-lookup. ip ospf network. ip ospf priority. ip ospf retransmit-interval. ip ospf transmit-delay. ip policy route-map. neighbor (OSPF). network area. ospf auto-cost-determination. ospf log-adj-changes. passive-interface. redistribute. route-map. router ospf. set level. set metric. set metric-type. summary-address. timers spf. OSPF Error Messages. % OSPF - BADLENGTH Error Message. % OSPF - BADLSATYPE Error Message. % OSPF - CONFLICTING_LSAID Error Message. % OSPF - ERRCV Error Message. % OSPF - INTERNALERR Error Message. % OSPF - NOBACKBONE Error Message. % OSPF - NOCONNDB Error Message. % OSPF - NOLSA Error Message. % OSPF - NOMEMORY Error Message. % OSPF - NONEIGHBOR Error Message. % OSPF - NORTRID Error Message. % OSPF - NOSRCPDB Error Message. % OSPF - NOTREDIST1 Error Message. % OSPF - NOTREDIST3 Error Message. % OSPF - NOTREDIST4 Error Message. % OSPF - NOREDIST5 Error Message. % OSPF - OSPFINTDOWN Error Message. % OSPF - UNKNOWNSTATE Error Message. % OSPF - VIRTUAL_IN_NON_BACKBONE Error Message. Summary. Case Study: RIP and OSPF Redistribution. Configuring a RIP Network. Adding OSPF to the Center of a RIP Network. Adding OSPF Areas. Setting Up Mutual Redistribution. Case Study Conclusion. Frequently Asked Questions.

III. OSPF IMPLEMENTATION, TROUBLESHOOTING & MANAGEMENT.

OSPF Network Design. Cisco's Implementation of OSPF. Network Design Goals. Network Design Issues. Network Design Methodology. Configuring OSPF on Cisco Routers. Enabling OSPF on an Inter-Area Router. Configuring an Area Border Router (ABR). Configuring an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR). Configuring a Backbone Router. Configuring a Simplex Ethernet or Serial Interface. Configuring OSPF Tunable Parameters. Configuring OSPF for Different Network Types. Configuring OSPF Area Parameters. Configuring OSPF Not-So-Stubby Areas (NSSAs). Configuring Route Summarization Between OSPF Areas. Configuring Lookup of DNS Names. Forcing the Router ID Choice with a Loopback Interface. Disable Default OSPF Metric Calculation Based on Bandwidth. Configuring OSPF Over On-Demand Circuits. Multicast OSPF. OSPF and the Multi-Protocol Router (MPR). Summary. Case Study: Designing an OSPF Frame Relay Network Wide Area Network Design. Requirements. OSPF Network Design. Case Study: Conclusions. Frequently Asked Questions.

Monitoring OSPF. Monitoring the Operations of OSPF. OSPF SHOW Commands. Troubleshooting OSPF. Preparing for Network Failure. Troubleshooting Methodology. System Logging (SYSLOG). OSPF debug Commands. Simple IP Troubleshooting Tools. Cisco Technical Support. Gathering Network Information. Cisco Connection Online (CCO). Summary. Case Study: In the Trenches with OSPF. Troubleshooting Methodology. Customer Reports a Network Slowdown. Problem #2: Performance Issues. Case Study Conclusion and Design Tips. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs).

Network. Management. Network Management Tools. The SNMP-based Internet Management Model. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Introduction to SNMP. SNMP Operation. SNMP Messages. Cisco's SNMP Implementation. Additional Resources on SNMP Operation. Management Information Base (MIB). Management Information Base (MIB) Components. MIBs and SNMP Interactions. Managing a Network with MIBs. Accessing Cisco MIB Files. OSPF MIBs. The Entrance of Remote Monitoring (RMON) Technology. Summary. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs).

IV. NETWORK SECURITY & FUTURE EXPANSION.

Network Security. Vulnerabilities in Cisco CHAP Authentication. TCP Loopback DoS Attack (land.c) and Cisco Devices. "Smurfing" Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks. TCP SYN Denial of Service Attacks & Defense Strategies. Attacks on Network Devices & Defense Strategies. UDP Diagnostic Port Denial of Service Attacks. Cisco IOS Password Encryption. Assessing the Need for Security. Golden Rules of Designing a Secure Network. Document Your Security Plan. Know Your Enemy. Count the Cost. Identify Your Assumptions. Control & Limit Your Secrets. Remember Human Factors. Know Your Weaknesses. Limit the Scope of Access. Understand Your Environment. Limit Your Trust. Remember Physical Security. Security Is Persuasive. Additional Resources on Network Security. Securing Your OSPF Network. Controlling Access to Network Equipment. Increasing SNMP Security. Network Data Encryption. OSPF Neighbor Router Authentication. Configuring Traffic Filters. Access Lists. Lock and Key Security (Dynamic Access Lists). Summary. Case Study: Designing Your Router Firewall Architecture. Controlling Traffic Flow. Configuring the Firewall Router. Applying Access Lists to Interfaces. Configuring the Firewall Communication Server. Spoofing & In Bound Access Lists. Well-Known Port Assignments. Additional Firewall Security Considerations. Frequently Asked Questions.

OSPF Standardization Report. OSPF for IPv6. Abstract. Draft Summary. OSPF Address Resolution Advertisement Option. Abstract. Draft Summary. OSPFv2 Domain of Interpretation (DOI) for ISAKMP. Abstract. Draft Summary. OSPF NSSA Option. Abstract. Draft Summary. OSPF Opaque LSA. Abstract. Draft Summary. OSPF Over ATM and Proxy PAR. Abstract. Draft Summary. Techniques in OSPF - Based Network Deployment. Abstract. Draft Summary. OSPF Multiple Area Link. Abstract. Draft Summary. OSPF Optimized Multipath (OSPF-OMP). Abstract. Draft Summary. Summary. Case Study: NetFlow Switching. NetFlow Requirements and Deployment Strategy. NetFlow Operation. Frequently Asked Questions.

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP): Continuing Evolution. Basic SNMP Architecture. SNMPv2: A Brief Introduction. SNMPv2 Operational Enhancements. The SNMPv3 Effort. Remote Monitoring (RMON). RMON Overview. RMON1. RMON2. RMON Configuration Example. SNMP Versus RMON. SNMP and RMON: Network Management Standards. What Is the Difference Between RMON and SNMP? Conclusions on SNMP Versus RMON. Internet Protocol Addressing v6 (IPv6). Myth 1: We Need IPv6 Because We Are Running Out of Address Space! Myth 2: We Can Patch IPv4 to Duplicate IPv6. Myth 3: IPv6 will only Benefit Hierarchical Networks. Myth 4: Who Needs the Ability to Assign Addresses to a Large Number of Diverse. Network Devices? IPv6 Design Goals. Addressing and Routing. Transitioning and Implementing IPv6. Expanded Addressing Capabilities. IPv6 Headers. IPv6 Header Extensions. Summary. Case Study: Implementing IPv6 in Your Network. Frequently Asked Questions.

Bibliography. Articles. Books. Cisco Systems Documentation and Resources. IPv6 Standards (Bay Networks) RFCs. Projects. Web Site Documentation. Seminars.

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