MPLS Configuration on Cisco IOS Software

By Umesh Lakshman, Lancy Lobo
Published Oct 17, 2005 by Cisco Press.

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Copyright 2006
Dimensions: 7-3/8" x 9-1/8"
Edition: 1st

eBook (Watermarked)
ISBN-10: 1-58705-444-2
ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-444-0

A complete configuration manual for MPLS, MPLS VPNs, MPLS TE, QoS, Any Transport over MPLS (AToM), and VPLS

Understand the crucial Cisco commands for various MPLS scenarios
Understand fundamentals of MPLS operation and learn to configure basic MPLS in Frame Relay and ATM-based environments
Master fundamentals of MPLS VPN operation including Multiprotocol BGP (MBGP) operation, VPNv4 route exchange, and basic MPLS VPN configuration in the provider network
Understand and configure various PE-CE routing protocols in MPLS VPN networks
Understand MPLS VPN provisioning in an Inter-provider VPN (Inter-AS) and Carrier Supporting Carrier (CSC) environment
Learn MPLS TE and its advanced features
Examine AToM with configuration examples for like-to-like and any-to-any L2 VPN implementations and VPLS components and operation, VPLS configuration and verification, and VPLS topologies
Learn about MPLS QoS, including configuration and implementation of uniform and short pipe modes

MPLS Configuration on Cisco IOS Software is a complete and detailed resource to the configuration of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) networks and associated features. Through its practical, hands-on approach, you’ll become familiar with MPLS technologies and their configurations using Cisco IOS® Software.

MPLS Configuration on Cisco IOS Software covers basic-to-advanced MPLS concepts and configuration. Beyond its emphasis on MPLS, you’ll learn about applications and deployments associated with MPLS, such as traffic engineering (TE), Layer 2 virtual private networks (VPN), and Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS). You’ll receive practical guidance and deployment scenarios that can be enhanced by re-creation of the setups and configurations demonstrated within this book.

You’ll move quickly from a brief overview of MPLS technology and basic MPLS configuration on Cisco® routers to more advanced topics. Several chapters provide instruction on VPN connectivity options, including implementing Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) in MPLS VPNs. You’ll receive configuration guidelines for advanced MPLS implementations such as MPLS TE, quality of service (QoS), and extranet VPNs. You’ll learn about implementation of Layer 2 VPNs versus Layer 3 VPNs with Cisco Any Transport over MPLS (AToM). And you’ll see demonstrations of implementing VPLS on Cisco routers complete with the configurations and platform support.

“I highly recommend MPLS Configuration on Cisco IOS Software as required reading for those in search of practical guidance of the technology and nuances of configuring MPLS for next-generation networks for voice, video, data, and application service offerings across a wide variety of deployment scenarios.”

–Carlos Dominguez, Senior Vice President, Worldwide Service Provider Operations, Cisco Systems®

This book is part of the Networking Technology Series from Cisco Press®, which offers networking professionals valuable information for constructing efficient networks, understanding new technologies, and building successful careers.

Chapter 1 MPLS Overview

Unicast IP Forwarding in Traditional IP Networks

Overview of MPLS Forwarding

Architectural Blocks of MPLS

MPLS Terminology

MPLS Control and Data Plane Components

MPLS Operation

MPLS Label Assignment

LDP Session Establishment

MPLS Label Distribution with LDP

MPLS Label Retention

Special Outgoing Label Types

Penultimate Hop Popping

Frame-Mode MPLS

Frame-Mode MPLS Operation

Loop Prevention in Frame-Mode MPLS

Cell-Mode MPLS

Cell-Mode MPLS Operation

Loop Detection in Cell-Mode MPLS

ATM VC-Merge

Cell Interleave with VC-Merge Implementation

Chapter 2 Basic MPLS Configuration

Frame-Mode MPLS Configuration and Verification

Basic Frame-Mode MPLS Overview, Configuration, and Verification

Frame-Mode MPLS over RFC 2684 Routed PVC

Cell-Mode MPLS over ATM Overview, Configuration, and Verification

Basic Cell-Mode MPLS Configuration and Verification

Configuring Cell-Mode MPLS with VC-Merge

Configuring MPLS Over ATM Without VC-Merge

MPLS Over VP Tunnels Configuration and Verification

Implementing Cell-Mode MPLS with BPX8600 and 7200 as Label Switch Controller

Command Reference

Chapter 3 Basic MPLS VPN Overview and Configuration

VPN Categories

MPLS VPN Architecture and Terminology

MPLS VPN Routing Model

VRF: Virtual Routing and Forwarding Table

Route Distinguisher, Route Targets, MP-BGP, and Address Families

MPLS VPN Control Plane Operation

MPLS VPN Data Plane Operation

MPLS VPN Basic Configuration

Configuration of CE Routers

Configuring MPLS Forwarding and VRF Definition on PE Routers

Final VRF Configuration on PE1-AS1 Router

Verification of VRF Configuration on PE routers

Configuration of BGP PE-PE Routing on PE Routers

BGP PE-PE Routing Final Configuration on PE1-AS1 and PE2-AS1 Router

Verification and Monitoring of BGP PE-PE Routing on PE Routers

Configuration of P Router

Label Verification and Control and Data Plane Operation

Outbound Route Filters

Command Reference

Chapter 4 PE-CE Routing Protocol–Static and RIP

Static PE-CE Routing Overview, Configuration, and Verification

Configuration Flowchart to Implement Static PE-CE Routing

Configuring Static PE-CE Routing

Static PE-CE Routing–Final Device Configurations for CE Routers (CE1-A and CE2-A)

Static PE-CE Routing–Final Device Configuration for Provider Routers (P1-AS1 and P2-AS1)

Static PE-CE Routing–Final Device Configurations for PE Routers (PE1-AS1 and PE2-AS1)

Verification of Static PE-CE Routing

Static PE-CE Routing Command Reference

RIPv2 PE-CE Routing Overview, Configuration, and Verification

Configuration Flowchart to Implement RIPv2 PE-CE Routing

Configuring RIPv2 PE-CE Routing

RIPv2 PE-CE Routing–Customer Edge CE1-A and CE2-A Configuration

RIPv2 PE-CE Routing–Provider Edge (PE1-AS1 and PE2-AS1) Configuration

Verification of RIPv2 PE-CE Routing

Control Plane Forwarding Operation

Data Forwarding Operation

RIPv1 PE-CE Routing Configuration and Verification

RIPv1 PE-CE Routing–PE1-AS1 and CE1-A Final Configuration

Verification of RIPv1 PE-CE Routing

RIP PE-CE Routing Command Reference

Chapter 5 PE-CE Routing Protocol–OSPF and EIGRP

OSPF PE-CE Routing Protocol Overview, Configuration and Verification

Traditional OSPF Routing Model

MPLS VPN or OSPF Superbackbone Concept

OSPF Route-Propagation Using MPLS VPN Superbackbone Concept

OSPF Down Bit and Domain Tag

Configuring and Verifying OSPF PE-CE Routing

OSPF Sham-Links

OSPF PE-CE Routing Command Summary

EIGRP PE-CE Routing Protocol Overview, Configuration, and Verification

EIGRP Route Propagation

Configuration Flowchart for EIGRP PE-CE Routing

Routing Loops and Suboptimal Routing

BGP Cost Community Feature and EIGRP Site of Origin

EIGRP PE-CE Routing Command Summary

Chapter 6 Implementing BGP in MPLS VPNs

BGP PE-CE Routing Protocol Overview, Configuration and Verification

Configuration Flowchart to Implement BGP PE-CE Routing for VPN Sites with Unique and Same AS Numbers

Implementing BGP PE-CE Routing for VPN Sites with Unique and Same AS Numbers

Implementing Route-Reflectors in MPLS VPN Networks

RR Deployment Methods

Configuring P Router as RR Only for VPNv4 Prefixes (Option 3)

Partitioned RRs

RRs and Peer Groups

BGP Confederations

Case Study–Hub and Spoke MPLS VPN Network Using BGP PE-CE Routing for Sites Using Unique AS Numbers

Base MPLS VPN Configuration

Hub and Spoke MPLS VPN Configuration for Sites Using Unique AS Numbers

Verifying MPLS VPN Hub and Spoke Routing for Sites Using Unique AS Numbers

Case Study–Hub and Spoke MPLS VPN Network with Sites Using Same AS Numbers

Verifying MPLS VPN Hub and Spoke Routing for Spoke Sites Using Same AS Numbers

Command Reference

Chapter 7 Inter-Provider VPNs

Overview of Inter-Provider VPNs

Option 1: Inter-Provider VPN Using Back-to-Back VRF Method

Control Plane Forwarding in Option 1

Data Forwarding in Option 1

Configuring Back-to-Back VRF Method

Option 2: Inter-Provider VPNs Using ASBR-to-ASBR Approach

Option 2a: ASBR-ASBR Approach Using Next-Hop-Self Method

Option 2b: ASBR-to-ASBR Approach Using Redistribute Connected

Option 2c: Multi-Hop MP-eBGP Between ASBRs

Option 3: Multi-Hop MP-eBGP Between RR and eBGP Between ASBRs

Control Plane Forwarding in Option 3

Data Forwarding in Option 3

Configuration Flowchart to Implement Option 3

Configuration and Verification of Option 3

Option 4: Non-VPN Transit Provider

Control Plane Forwarding in Option 4

Data Forwarding in Option 4

Configuration Flowchart in Option 4

Configuration and Verification of Option 4

Case Study–Inter-AS Implementing Route-Reflector and BGP Confederation in Provider Networks

Case Study–Multi-Homed Inter-AS Provider Network

Command Reference

Chapter 8 Carrier Supporting Carriers

Carrier Supporting Carriers Overview

Label Exchange Methods in CSC Architecture

Deployment Scenarios with CSC Architecture

CSC Network–Customer Carrier Not Running MPLS

CSC Network–Customer Carrier Running MPLS

CSC Network–Customer Carrier Providing MPLS VPN Service

CSC Architecture Benefits

Command Reference

Chapter 9 MPLS Traffic Engineering

TE Basics

MPLS TE Theory

MPLS TE Overview

RSVP with TE Extensions: Signaling

RSVP Operation in MPLS TE

Constraint-Based Routing and Operation in MPLS TE

Maximum Versus Available Bandwidth

Constraint-Based SPF

OSPF Extension for MPLS TE

IS-IS Extensions for MPLS TE

Configuring MPLS TE

MPLS TE Configuration Flowchart

Configuring Dynamic Paths and Explicit Paths with MPLS TE

Verification of MPLS TE Tunnel Creation

Final Configurations for Dynamic and Explicit Tunnels with MPLS TE

Unequal Cost Load Balancing Across Multiple TE Tunnels

MPLS TE Fast ReRoute Link Protection

Implementing MPLS VPNs over MPLS TE

Verification of MPLS VPN over TE with PE to PE Tunnels

Configuration of MPLS VPN over TE with PE to P Tunnels

Command Reference

Chapter 10 Implementing VPNs with Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3

L2TPv3 Overview

Operation of L2TPv3

L2TPv3 Modes of Operation

L2TPv3 Prerequisites

Tunnel Server Card Operation on GSR 12000 Series Routers When Implementing L2TPv3

L2TPv3 Header Format

Configuring L2TPv3 Tunnels for Layer 2 VPN

Configuring L2TPv3 Static Tunnels

Verification of Static L2TPv3 Tunnel Operation

Final Device Configuration for L2TPv3 Static Tunnels

Configuring L2TPv3 Dynamic Tunnels

Verification of Dynamic L2TPv3 Tunnel Operation

Final Device Configurations for L2TPv3 Dynamic Tunnels

Implementing Layer 3 VPNs over L2TPv3 Tunnels

Configuring L3VPN over L2TPv3 Tunnels

Verification for L3VPN over L2TPv3 Tunnels

Final Configurations for L3VPN over L2TPv3 Tunnels for PE Routers

Command Reference

Chapter 11 Any Transport over MPLS (AToM)

Introduction to Layer 2 VPNs

VPWS and VPLS

Pseudo Wire Reference Model

AToM Terminology

How AToM Works

Implementing AToM for Like to Like Circuits

ATM over MPLS

Ethernet over MPLS

PPP over MPLS

HDLC over MPLS

Frame Relay over MPLS

L2 VPN–Any to Any Interworking

Bridged Interworking Mode

Routed Interworking Mode

L2 VPN Interworking Limitations

Configuring Layer 2 VPN Interworking

Ethernet to VLAN Interworking

Frame Relay to AAL5 Interworking

Frame Relay to PPP Interworking

Final Configurations for Devices to Implement Frame Relay to PPP Interworking

Frame Relay to VLAN Interworking

AAL5 to VLAN Interworking

Local Switching

Configuration Flowchart for Local Switching Among Like Circuits

Local Switching–Frame Relay to Frame Relay

Local Switching–Ethernet to Ethernet

Local Switching–ATM to ATM

Local Switching–Ethernet to Frame Relay

Configuring Ethernet to Frame Relay Local Switching

Command Reference

Chapter 12 Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS)

VPLS Overview

VPLS Components

VPLS Operation

VPLS Topology–Single PE or Direct Attachment

Configuration Flowchart for Direct Attachment VPLS

Direct Attachment VPLS Configuration Scenario 1–Using Port and 802.1Q VLAN Modes

Direct Attachment VPLS Configuration Scenario 2–Using Dot1q Tunnel Mode and Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling

Hierarchical VPLS–Distributed PE Architecture

Configuration Flowchart for Hierarchical VPLS Using Q-in-Q Mode

Hierarchical VPLS Configuration Scenario 1–802.1Q Tunneling (Q-in-Q)

Verification of VPLS Service

PE Configurations

u-PE Configurations

CE Configurations for Customer A and Customer B

Command Reference

Chapter 13 Implementing Quality of Service in MPLS Networks

Introduction to Quality of Service–Classification and Marking

Classification and Marking

Congestion Management, Congestion Avoidance, Traffic Shaping, and Policing

MPLS QoS Implementation

MPLS QoS Operating Modes

Uniform Mode

Pipe Mode

Short Pipe Mode

Long Pipe Mode

Summary of MPLS QoS Modes

Modular QoS CLI: Configuration of QoS on Cisco Routers

Configuration and Implementation of MPLS QoS in Uniform Mode and Short Pipe Mode Operation

Implementing Uniform Mode

Implementing Short Pipe Mode

Implementing MPLS QoS for Layer 2 VPN Implementations

Implementing QoS with AToM

Implementing QoS with VPLS

Implementing QoS with L2TPv3

Command Reference

Chapter 14 MPLS Features and Case Studies

Case Study 1: Implementing Multicast Support for MPLS VPNs

Operation of Multicast MPLS VPN

Configuration of Multicast Support for MPLS VPN

Implementing Multicast Support for MPLS VPNs

Verifications for Case Study 1

Case Study 2: Implementing Multi-VRF CE, VRF Selection Using Source IP Address, VRF Selection Using Policy-Based Routing, NAT

and HSRP Support in MPLS VPN, and Multicast VPN Support over Multi-VRF CE

Configuration of Core Devices in Case Study 2

Theory and Configuration of Features in Case Study 2

Verifications for Case Study 2

Final Configurations for Case Study 2

Case Study 3: Implementing Layer 2 VPNs over Inter-AS Topologies Using Layer 2 VPN Pseudo-Wire Switching

Layer 2 VPN Pseudo-Wire Switching Theory and Configuration

Verifications for Case Study 3

Final Configurations for Case Study 3

Case Study 4: Implementing Layer 3 VPNs Over Layer 2 VPN Topologies and Providing L2 VPN Redundancy

Layer 3 VPN over L2 VPN Configuration

Implementing L2 VPN Redundancy

L2 VPN Pseudo-Wire Redundancy Configuration for Customer A Traffic from PE1-A to PE2-A

Verifications for Case Study 4

Final Configurations for Case Study 4

Case Study 5: Implementing Dynamic Layer 3 VPNs Using mGRE Tunnels

Configuring Layer 3 VPN Over mGRE Tunnels

Verifications for Case Study 5

Final configurations for Layer 3 VPN over mGRE Tunnels for PE Routers

Case Study 6: Implementing Class-Based Tunnel Selection with MPLS Traffic Engineering

Implementing Class-Based Tunnel Selection

Configuring CBTS

Verification of Class-Based Tunnel Selection

Final Configurations for Case Study 6

Case Study 7: Implementing Hub and Spoke Topologies with OSPF

Hub and Spoke with OSPFv2: Configuration of CE Routers and Spoke PE Routers

Configuration of Hub-PE Router and Verification of OSPF Hub and Spoke Operation

Case Study 8: Implementing Hub and Spoke Topologies with EIGRP

Configurations for the CE and Spoke PE Routers

Configurations for the Hub PE Router and Verification of EIGRP Hub and Spoke Operation

Case Study 9: Implementing VPLS Services with the GSR 12000 Series

Theory and Operation of VPLS on a GSR 12000 Series

GSR VPLS Packet Forwarding

GSR VPLS Requirements and Configuration

Case Study 10: BGP Site of Origin

Command Reference

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