Definitive MPLS Network Designs
- By Jim Guichard, François Le Faucheur, Jean-Philippe Vasseur
- Published Mar 14, 2005 by Cisco Press. Part of the Networking Technology series.
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- Copyright 2005
- Edition: 1st
- Book
- ISBN-10: 1-58705-186-9
- ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-186-9
Field-proven MPLS designs covering MPLS VPNs, pseudowire, QoS, traffic engineering, IPv6, network recovery, and multicast
- Understand technology applications in various service provider and enterprise topologies via detailed design studies
- Benefit from the authors’ vast experience in MPLS network deployment and protocol design
- Visualize real-world solutions through clear, detailed illustrations
- Design studies cover various operator profiles including an interexchange carrier (IXC), a national telco deploying a multiservice backbone carrying Internet and IP VPN services as well as national telephony traffic, an international service provider with many POPs all around the globe, and a large enterprise relying on Layer-3 VPN services to control communications within and across subsidiaries
- Design studies are thoroughly explained through detailed text, sample configurations, and network diagrams
Definitive MPLS Network Designs provides examples of how to combine key technologies at the heart of IP/MPLS networks. Techniques are presented through a set of comprehensive design studies. Each design study is based on characteristics and objectives common to a given profile of network operators having deployed MPLS and discusses all the corresponding design aspects.
The book starts with a technology refresher for each of the technologies involved in the design studies. Next, a series of design studies is presented, each based on a specific hypothetical network representative of service provider and enterprise networks running MPLS. Each design study chapter delivers four elements. They open with a description of the network environment, including the set of supported services, the network topology, the POP structure, the transmission facilities, the basic IP routing design, and possible constraints. Then the chapters present design objectives, such as optimizing bandwidth usage. Following these are details of all aspects of the network design, covering VPN, QoS, TE, network recovery, and—where applicable—multicast, IPv6, and pseudowire. The chapters conclude with a summary of the lessons that can be drawn from the design study so that all types of service providers and large enterprise MPLS architects can adapt aspects of the design solution to their unique network environment and objectives.
Although network architects have many resources for seeking information on the concepts and protocols involved with MPLS, there is no single resource that illustrates how to design a network that optimizes their benefits for a specific operating environment. The variety of network environments and requirements makes it difficult to provide a one-size-fits-all design recommendation. Definitive MPLS Network Designs fills this void.
“This book comes as a boon to professionals who want to understand the power of MPLS and make full use of it.”
-Parantap Lahiri, Manager, IP Network Infrastructure Engineering, MCI
Includes a FREE 45-Day Online Edition
This book is part of the Networking Technology Series from Cisco Press®, which offers networking professionals valuable information for constructing efficient networks, understanding new technologies, and building successful careers.
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Table of Contents
Contents
Foreword
Introduction
Chapter 1 Technology Primer: Layer 3 VPN, Multicast VPNs, IPv6, and Pseudowire
MPLS VPN Services in MPLS/IP Networks
Layer 3 MPLS VPN Network Components
Separation of Routing State at PE Routers
Customer-to-Service Provider Routing Exchange
Label Allocation at the PE Router
Advertisement of VPNv4 Routes Across the IP/MPLS Backbone
Import of Remote Routing Information into VRFs
Forwarding of Layer 3 MPLS VPN Packets
Remote Access to the Layer 3 MPLS VPN Service
Dial-in Access Via L2TP VPDN
Dial-in Access Via Direct ISDN
DSL Access Using PPPoA or PPPoE and VPDN (L2TP)
Carrier’s Carrier Architecture
Packet Forwarding with Carrier’s Carrier
Layer 3 MPLS VPN Services Across Autonomous System Boundaries
Inter-AS Back-to-Back VRFs (Option A)
Inter-AS VPNv4 Exchange (Option B)
Inter-AS VPNv4 Exchange Between Route Reflectors (Option C)
Multicast VPNs
Source Distribution Multicast Trees
IP Multicast Shared Trees
Protocol-Independent Multicast (PIM)
PIM Dense Mode (PIM-DM)
PIM Sparse Mode (PIM-SM)
Source-Specific Multicast (SSM)
Multicast Support Within a Layer 3 MPLS VPN
Multicast Domains
mVPN PIM Adjacencies
Multicast Forwarding with mVPN
IPv6 Over MPLS Networks
Overview of IPv6
IPv6 Header
IPv6 Addressing
Neighbor Discovery and Autoconfiguration
IPv6 Routing
IPv6 Quality of Service
IPv6 Security
Deploying IPv6 Over an MPLS Network
IPv6 Provider Edge (6PE)
IPv6 VPN Provider Edge (6VPE)
Layer 2 Services and Pseudowires
Pseudowire Network Components
Pseudowire Forwarding Equivalent Class
Pseudowire Creation and Signaling
Pseudowire Encapsulation
Pseudowire Packet Flow
Chapter 2 Technology Primer: Quality of Service, Traffic Engineering, and Network Recovery
Quality of Service in MPLS Networks
Traffic Requirements and Service Level Agreements
Application Requirements
Service Level Agreement
QoS Mechanisms
The Fundamental QoS Versus Utilization Curve
The IETF DiffServ Model and Mechanisms
MPLS Support of DiffServ
Combining Tools to Support SLA
Core QoS Engineering
Edge QoS Engineering
QoS Models
Traffic Engineering
MPLS Traffic Engineering Components
Destination
Bandwidth
Affinities
Preemption
Protection by Fast Reroute
Optimized Metric
Hierarchy of Attributes (Set of Ordered Path Option)
TE LSP Path Computation
MPLS TE IGP Routing Extensions
Signaling of a Traffic Engineering LSP
Routing onto a Traffic Engineering LSP
Solving the Fish Problem
TE LSP Deployment Scenarios
Reoptimizing a Traffic Engineering LSP
MPLS Traffic Engineering and Load Balancing
MPLS Traffic Engineering Forwarding Adjacency
Automatic Meshing of a Mesh of TE LSPs
DiffServ-Aware MPLS Traffic Engineering
Bandwidth Constraints Model
Extensions to the Traffic Engineering LSP Attribute
Extensions to TE LSP Path Computation
Extensions to Traffic Engineering IGP Routing
Extensions to TE LSP Signaling
Routing onto DiffServ-Aware TE LSPs
Example of DS-TE Deployment
MPLS Traffic Engineering in the Context of Multiarea and Multi-AS
Core Network Availability
Protection Versus Restoration
Local Versus Global Recovery
Network Recovery with IP Routing
Use of Dynamic Timers for LSA Origination and SPF Triggering
Computing the Convergence Time with IP Routing
Network Recovery with MPLS Traffic Engineering
MPLS TE Reroute
MPLS TE Path Protection
MPLS TE Fast Reroute
Chapter 3 Interexchange Carrier Design Study
USCom’s Network Environment
USCom’s Network Design Objectives
Routing and Backbone Label Forwarding Design
Separation of Internet and Layer 3 MPLS VPN Services
Internet Service Route Reflection Deployment
Layer 3 MPLS VPN Service Design Overview
PE Router Basic Engineering Guidelines
VRF Naming Convention
Route Distinguisher Allocation
Route Target Allocation for Import/Export Policy
Basic PE Router Configuration Template
PE Router Control-Plane Requirements
PE Router Path MTU Discovery
VPNv4 Route Reflector Deployment Specifics
Deployment Location for VPNv4 Route Reflectors
Preventing Input Drops at the VPNv4 Route Reflectors
PE Router and Route Reflector VPNv4 MP-BGP Peering Template
PE-CE Routing Protocol Design
Static Routing Design Considerations
PE-CE BGP Routing Design Considerations
PE-CE IGP Routing Design Considerations
Specifics of the OSPF Service Deployment
Specifics of the EIGRP Service Deployment
IP Address Allocation for PE-CE Links
Controlling Route Distribution with Filtering
Security Design for the Layer 3 MPLS VPN Service
Quality of Service Design
SLA for Internet Service
SLA for the Layer 3 MPLS VPN Service
QoS Design in the Core Network
QoS Design on the Network Edge
Traffic Engineering Within the USCom Network
Network Recovery Design
Network Availability Objectives
Operational Constraints on Network Recovery Design
Cost Constraints for the Network Recovery Design
Network Recovery Design for Link Failures
Prefix Prioritization Within the USCom Network
Temporary Loop Avoidance
Forwarding Adjacency for Loop Avoidance
Reuse of a Restored Link
Multiple Failures Within the USCom Network
Link Failure Detection Within the USCom Network
Node Failures Within the USCom Network
Planned Router Maintenance
Unexpected Router Failures
Convergence of IS-IS
IS-IS Failure Detection Time
Flooding of New IS-IS LSPs
Routing Table Computation on Each Node
IS-IS Configuration Within the USCom Network
Design Lessons to Be Taken from USCom
Chapter 4 National Telco Design Study
Telecom Kingland Network Environment
Telecom Kingland POP Structure
Telecom Kingland Design Objectives
Routing and Backbone Label-Forwarding Design
Shared-Edge Internet and Layer 3 MPLS VPN Services
Internet Service: Route Reflection Deployment
Layer 3 MPLS VPN Service: Design Overview
Multiservice PE Router Basic Engineering Guidelines
Customer VRF Naming Convention
RT/RD Allocation Schemes
Network Management VPN
Load-Balancing Support
iBGP Multipath Support for VPNv4
eiBGP Multipath Support for VPNv4
mPE Router Control-Plane Requirements
VPNv4 Route Reflector Placement
PE-CE Routing Protocol Design
Carrier’s Carrier Service
Load-Balancing Support with Carrier’s Carrier
Large Carrier’s Carrier Customer Attachment Example
Remote Access to the Layer 3 MPLS VPN Service
Dial-In Access Via L2TP VPDN
Dial-In Access Via Direct ISDN
DSL Access Using PPPoE or PPPoA and VPDN (L2TP)
mVPN Service Application
Multicast Address Allocation
Multicast Routing Protocol Support
Rendezvous Point and BSR Design for PIM-SM
Use of Data-MDTs in the mVPN Design
Restricting Multicast Routing State at mPE Routers
Quality of Service Design
Layer 3 MPLS VPN and Internet SLA
QoS Design in the Core Network
QoS Design on the Network Edge for Layer 3 MPLS VPN and Internet
CE Router Egress Policy
mPE Router Ingress Policy
mPE Router Egress Policy
QoS Design on the Network Edge for Voice Trunking
QoS Design on the Network Edge for Layer 3 MPLS VPN CsC
SLA Monitoring and Reporting
MPLS Traffic Engineering Design
Setting the Maximum Reservable Bandwidth on Each MPC Link
TE LSPs Bandwidth
Path Computation
TE LSPs Between PE-PSTN1 Routers
TE LSPs Between PE-PSTN1 and PE-PSTN2 Routers or Between PE-PSTN2 Routers
Reoptimization of TE LSPs
MPLS Traffic Engineering Simulation
TE Scaling Aspects
Use of Refresh Reduction
Provisioning the Mesh of TE LSPs
Monitoring
Last Resort Unconstrained Option
Network Recovery Design
Network Recovery Design for the Internet and Layer 3 MPLS VPN Traffic
Failure Detection Time
LSA Generation
Failure Notification Time
SPF Triggering
RIB and FIB Updates
OSPF Design Conclusions
Network Recovery Design for the PSTN Traffic
Failure Detection
Set of Backup Tunnels
Backup Tunnel Constraints
Backup Tunnel Design Between Level 1 POPs
Relaxing the SRLG Diversity Constraint
Design of the Backup Tunnels Between Level 2 and Level 1 POPs
Period of Time During Which Backup Tunnels Are in Use
Configuration of a Hold-Off Timer
Failure of a PE-PSTN Router
IPv6 Internet Access Service Design
Design Lessons to Be Taken from Telecom Kingland
Chapter 5 Global Service Provider Design Study
Globenet Network Environment
Globenet Service Portfolio
Globenet POP Network Structure
Type 1 POP Structure
Type 2 POP Structure
Type 3 POP Structure
Globenet Worldwide Network Architecture
EMEA Region
Asia-Pacific Region
North America Region
South America Region
Intercontinental Connectivity
Globenet Routing Architecture
Interoperator Partnerships
Link Types and Protection Details
Design Objectives for the Globenet Network
Layer 3 MPLS VPN Service Design
Shared-Edge Internet and MPLS VPN Services
Connectivity Between Globenet Regions
Filtering VPNv4 Routes at the ASBRs
Route Target/Route Distinguisher Allocation Between Regions
Connectivity with Regional Service Providers
Providing Internet Services to MPLS VPN Customers
Internet Via the Global or VRF Routing Table
Internet Access Following the Default Route
Full Internet Access Via the PE-CE Access Link
Internet Access Via Globenet NAT/Firewall Services
mVPN Service Design
MP-BGP Support of Inter-AS mVPN
Establishing mVPN MDT Groups Between Globenet Regions
Inter-AS mVPN System Flow
MPLS VPN Security and Scalability
VPN Operational Security
VPN Control Plane Protection
VPN Data Plane Protection
Scaling and Convergence of the Layer 3 MPLS VPN Service
Protocol Interaction
MP-BGP Scaling Considerations
Globenet Routing Convergence Strategy
Layer 3 MPLS VPN Service–Routing Convergence
Tuning the BGP Protocol
Edge Router Capabilities
IPv6 VPN Service Design
IPv6 VPN Design Within a Globenet Region
IPv6 VPN Design Across Globenet Regions
ATM Pseudowire Design
Quality of Service Design
VPN and Internet SLA
QoS Design in the Core Network in the EMEA, AsiaPac, and South America Regions
QoS Design in the Core Network on ATM PVCs
QoS Design in the Core Network in North America
QoS Design in the Core Network Across Regions
QoS Design on the Network Edge for Layer 3 MPLS VPN and Internet
CE Router Egress Policy
PE Router Ingress Policy
PE Router Egress Policy
QoS Design for the Interprovider VPN with Telecom Kingland
QoS Design for Multicast Traffic
QoS Design for the IPv6 VPN
Pseudowire QoS Design for ATM Trunking
SLA Monitoring and Reporting
MPLS Traffic Engineering Design
Setting the Maximum Reservable Bandwidth on Each Link
Automatic Setup and Provisioning of a Full Mesh of TE LSPs
Dynamic Traffic Engineering LSP Bandwidth Adjustment
Additional Resizing Parameters
Additional Advantages of Dynamic TE LSP Resizing
TE LSP Path Computation
MPLS Traffic Engineering in North America
MPLS Traffic Engineering in the AsiaPac, EMEA, and South America Regions
Reoptimization of TE LSPs
Traffic Engineering Scaling Aspects
Use of Refresh Reduction
Monitoring TE LSPs
Last-Resort Unconstrained Option
TE Design for ATM Pseudowires
Network Recovery Design
MPLS TE Fast Reroute Design Within Globenet Regions
Failure Detection
Set of Backup Tunnels
Backup Tunnel Constraints
Provisioning the Set of Backup Tunnels
Configuring a Hold-Off Timer
IS-IS Routing Design
Failure of a PE Router Supporting ATM Pseudowires
Network Recovery for IPv6 VPN
Virtual POP Design
Conversion of the Johannesburg POP to a VPOP
Attributes of the Inter-AS TE LSPs
Globenet VPOP Migration Strategy
Path Computation for Inter-AS TE LSPs
Reoptimization of Inter-AS TE LSPs
Routing onto Inter-AS TE LSPs
VPOP QoS Design
Recovery of Inter-AS TE LSPs
Policy Control at ASBR Boundaries
Africa Telecom VPOP
Design Lessons to Be Taken from Globenet
Chapter 6 Large Enterprise Design Study
EuroBank’s Network Environment
Description of the Branch Office
Description of an Office Location
Description of a Core Network POP
Description of the Data Centers
Description of the Metro Connections in the UK
EuroBank Design Objectives
EuroBank Network Core Routing Design
Host Routing
Layer 3 MPLS VPN Service Design
Intersubsidiary and DataCenter Connectivity Requirements
Office Location Requirements
EuroBank Group VPN Definitions
Route Target and Route Distinguisher Allocation
Data Center Layer 3 MPLS VPN Design
POP Layer 3 MPLS VPN Design
Core MP-BGP Design
UK Office Location Layer 3 MPLS VPN Design
Routing Within Each Multi-VRF VRF
EuroBank Multicast Deployment and Design
EuroBank Brokerage Encryption Deployment and Design
Layer 3 MPLS VPN Design for VoIP
Architecture of the Managed Telephony Service
On-Net Voice Call Within a EuroBank VPN
On-Net Voice Call Across Two EuroBank VPNs
Layer 3 MPLS VPN Design Within PhoneNet and EuroBank Off-Net Voice Calls
Quality of Service Design
EuroBank’s Service Classes
Traffic Classification in Offices and Data Centers
Sub-100-Mbps QoS Policy
100+Mbps QoS Policy
Gigabit Ethernet Link QoS Policy
QoS Design on the Access for Branches
Traffic Flowing from a Branch
Traffic Flowing to a Branch
Design Lessons to Be Taken from EuroBank
Appendix A References
Index_
Index
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