Content Networking Fundamentals

By Silvano Da Ros
Published Mar 30, 2006 by Cisco Press. Part of the Fundamentals series.

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Description

Sample Content

Updates

Copyright 2006
Dimensions: 7-3/8" x 9-1/8"
Edition: 1st

eBook
ISBN-10: 1-58705-291-1
ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-291-0

A comprehensive introduction to the theory and practical applications of content networking

Get a strong introduction to the basic networking concepts necessary for content networking, including network address translation, IP multicast content delivery, quality of service, and streaming media
Master the application-layer protocols, including HTTP, SSL, RSTP, RTP and FTP
Design redundancy and high availability by using server load balancing, Domain Name System (DNS) directory services, Cisco DistributedDirector software, proximity-based load balancing, and global sticky databases
Learn to switch and offload encrypted content by importing, creating, and configuring certificates and keys in Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) termination devices
Examine how to configure routers with Web Cache Communication Protocol (WCCP) and to switch content requests to content engines for serving frequently requested objects
Learn how to configure caching, live push- and pull-splitting, content acquisitioning, and pre-positioning using Cisco Application and Content Networking System (ACNS) software

Content networking is the most popular technology used to enhance network and application performance. The growth of content networking has been driven by end-user demands for richer content and lowered response times. These demands have caused the field of content networking to flourish with technological advances. Today many companies use content networking to add a layer of intelligence to their systems, scaling server availability and optimizing content delivery.

Content Networking Fundamentals introduces you to content networking solutions and the underlying networking technologies that content networking uses to accelerate your applications in new and unique ways. You’ll discover various algorithms behind content networking and learn how the Cisco Systems® product suite implements them.

In this comprehensive guide, you start with a review of the protocols required for content networking, building your knowledge of introductory concepts and applications. From there, you delve into the components specific to content networking, with a focus on the content-aware Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Layers 4 through 7. Numerous deployment examples help you understand the more advanced topics. You can use the configuration snapshots in this book as skeletal configurations for your production network.

Following the valuable lessons taught in Content Networking Fundamentals, you’ll be able to effectively design, deploy, maintain, and troubleshoot content networks.

Part I Overview of Content Networking

Chapter 1 Introducing Content Networking

Defining Content Networking

Understanding the Underlying Technologies

Purpose and Goals

Scalability and Availability

Bandwidth and Response Times

Customization and Prioritization

Security, Auditing, and Monitoring

Cisco Content Networking Solutions

Content Switching

Application and Content Networking System

Content Network Partnership Program

Summary

Review Questions

Recommended Reading

Part II Networking Fundamentals

Chapter 2 Exploring the Network Layers

Ethernet Physical and Data Link Layers

Physical Layer

Data Link Layer

Internet Protocol

Address Resolution Protocol

Internet Control Message Protocol

Internet Group Management Protocol and Protocol Independent Multicast

Transport Layer

Transmission Control Protocol

User Datagram Protocol

Putting It All Together with a Detailed Network Trace

Summary

Review Questions

Recommended Reading

Chapter Goals

Chapter 3 Introducing Switching, Routing, and Address Translation

Exploring Ethernet Frame Switching

Configuring Virtual LANs

Configuring VLAN Trunking

Exploring MAC Learning with Multiple VLANs

VLAN Trunking Protocol

Understanding IP Routing

Configuring Static Routing

Understanding Dynamic Routing

Packet Switching

Process Switching Path

Fast Switching Path

Cisco Express Forwarding

Transparent Bridging

Exploring Network Address Translation

Source Network Address Translation

Destination Translation

Summary

Review Questions

Recommended Reading

Chapter Goals

Chapter 4 Exploring Security Technologies and Network Infrastructure Designs

Filtering Packets with Access Control Lists

Application Layer Inspection

Designing Enterprise Campuses

Designing Enterprise Edge Networks

Designing Headquarters with Remote Office Networks

Employing Internet Content Delivery Networks

Summary

Review Questions

Recommended Reading

Part III Intelligent Network Services for Content Delivery

Chapter 5 IP Multicast Content Delivery

Introducing IP Multicast

Internet Group Management Protocol

Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 1

Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2

Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 3

Internet Standard Multicast

Distribution Trees

Protocol Independent Multicast

Configuring Rendezvous Point and Multicast Group Selection

Configuring Inter-Domain Multicast with Multicast Source Discovery Protocol

Anycast RP

Layer 2 Multicast Protocols

Router-Port Group Management Protocol

Source Specific Multicast (SSM)

Ensuring Multicast Delivery With Pragmatic General Multicast

Summary

Review Questions

Recommended Reading

Chapter Goals

Chapter 6 Ensuring Content Delivery with Quality of Service

Classification and Marking

Marking Packets at Layer 3

Marking Frames, Cells, and Trunks at Layer 2

Network-Based Application Recognition

Congestion Management

Understanding Layer 3 Router Packet Queuing

Understanding Layer 2 Switch Ethernet Frame QoS

Congestion Avoidance

Configuring Weighted Random Early Detection

Understanding Policing and Shaping

QoS Policy Signaling

Summary

Review Questions

Recommended Reading

Part IV Applications for Serving Content, at the Network Edge

Chapter 7 Presenting and Transforming Content

Introducing Markup Languages

Hypertext Markup Language

Extensible Markup Language

Extensible Hypertext Markup Language

Wireless Application Protocol Markup Languages

Transforming and Formatting Content

Transforming XML to XHMTL/HMTL

Using Cascading Style Sheets

Transforming XML to XSL-FO

Summary

Review Questions

Recommended Reading

Chapter Goals

Chapter 8 Exploring the Application Layer

HTTP

HTTP 1.0 Versus HTTP 1.1

HTTP Transactions

HTTP Authentication

HTTP Caching Controls

Public Key Infrastructure

Secret-Key Cryptography

Public-Key Cryptography

Identity Theft Prevention Using Certificates

Secure Sockets Layer

File Transfer Protocol

Summary

Review Questions

Recommended Reading

Chapter Goals

Chapter 9 Introducing Streaming Media

Streaming Files and Content Playback

Creating Streaming On-Demand Container Files

Describing Streaming On-Demand Content with Meta-Files

Streaming with Microsoft WMT, Real Networks, and Apple QuickTime

Streaming Motion Picture Experts Group

Delivering Streaming Media

Transferring Streaming Media with the Real-Time Transport Protocol

Real-Time Data Control with Real Time Streaming Protocol

Fast-Forwarding and Rewinding a Stream with RTSP

Using Quality of Service and IP Multicast with Streaming Media

Summary

Review Questions

Recommended Reading

Part V Application Layer Services for Content, Within the Network

Chapter 10 Exploring Server Load Balancing

Exploring Your Server Load-Balancing Devices

Content Services Switch

Content Switching Module

Content Switch Operational Modes

Bridge-Mode Content Switching

Router-Mode Content Switching

Load-Distribution Algorithms

Round Robin

Least Connections

Configuring Server Load

Hash Distribution

Layer 5—7 Load Balancing

Equal-Cost Multi-Path Router Load Balancing

Health Checking

Out-of-Band Health Checking

In-Band Health Checking

Session Persistence

Hash Load Balancing

IP Address Stickiness

HTTP Cookies

URL Sticky Strings

SSL Sticky

SIP Caller ID and MSISDN Number Sticky

Permanent Session Information Storage

Content Switch High Availability

CSS High Availability

CSM High Availability

Summary

Review Questions

Recommended Reading

Chapter Goals

Chapter 11 Switching Secured Content

SSL Termination

Configuring Your CSS for SSL Termination

Configuring Your Content Services Module with SSL

Firewall Load Balancing

CSS Firewall Load Balancing

CSM Firewall Load Balancing

VPN Load Balancing on the CSM

Preventing Connection Table Flooding using SYN-Cookies

Summary

Review Questions

Recommended Reading

Chapter Goals

Chapter 12 Exploring Global Server Load Balancing

Domain Name Service Operation

Introducing DNS Resource Records

Iterative DNS

Recursive DNS

BGP-Anycast and DNS Round-Robin

Exploring Distributed Director Technologies

Director Response Protocol and Boomerang Protocol

HTTP Redirection

A Robust Distributed Director Configuration

Exploring CSS Global Server Load Balancing

CSS Multisite Load Distribution

CSS Proximity-Based Load Balancing

Exploring CSM Global Server Load Balancing

GSLB Stickiness

Summary

Review Questions

Recommended Reading

Part VI The Application and Content Networking System: Content Caching, Streaming, Routing, and Distribution

Chapter 13 Delivering Cached and Streaming Media

Redirecting Application Requests

Introducing Web Cache Control Protocol

WCCP Load Distribution Using Hash Buckets

WCCP Load Distribution Using Mask Assignment

Layer 4—7 Content Switch Redirection

Request Redirection Topologies

Ensuring Content Freshness

Preloading Content

Transparently Delivering Authenticated Content

Enabling Transparent Value-Added Services on Your CEs

Content Authentication and Authorization

SSL Caching and Tunneling

Internet Content Adaptation Protocol

URL Filtering

Adjusting TCP/IP Parameter Values

Delivering Streaming Media

Streaming Video-on-Demand

Splitting Live and Prerecorded Broadcasts

Streaming Windows Media Technology

Streaming Real Media

Summary

Review Questions

Recommended Reading

Chapter 14 Distributing and Routing Managed Content

E-learning and Corporate Communications

Software and File Distribution

Introducing Content Distribution and Routing

Initializing and Registering Your ACNS Network Devices

Setting Up Your ACNS Network for Acquisition and Pre-Positioning

Creating Location Trees

Configuring Content Channels

Acquiring Content to Pre-Position

Configuring Acquisition Using Manifest Files

Configuring Acquisition Using the CDM GUI

Configuring Content Pre-Positioning

Multicast-Push Distribution Trees

Unicast-Pull Distribution Trees

Content Request Routing

Simplified Hybrid Routing

Dynamic Proxy Auto-Configuration

Configuring Streaming Media

Streaming Prepositioned Video On-Demand Content

Creating Scheduled Live and Rebroadcast Programs in ACNS

Summary

Review Questions

Recommended Reading

Appendix A Answers to Review Questions

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

Chapter 14

Index

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