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Cisco Voice Gateways and Gatekeepers

By David Mallory, Ken Salhoff, Denise Donohue
Published Aug 17, 2006 by Cisco Press.

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Description

Sample Content

Updates

Copyright 2007
Pages: 648
Edition: 1st

eBook
ISBN-10: 0-13-279835-2
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-279835-8

Deployments of voice over IP (VoIP) networks continue at a rapid pace. Voice gateways are an essential part of VoIP networks, handling the many tasks involved in translating between transmission formats and protocols and acting as the interface between an IP telephony network and the PSTN or PBX. Gatekeepers and IP-to-IP gateways help these networks scale. Gatekeepers provide call admission control, call routing, address resolution, and bandwidth management between H.323 endpoints including Cisco IOS® voice gateways and Cisco® Unified CallManager clusters. IP-to-IP gateways allow VoIP calls to traverse disparate IP networks.

Cisco Voice Gateways and Gatekeepers provides detailed solutions to real-world problems encountered when implementing a VoIP network. This practical guide helps you understand Cisco gateways and gatekeepers and configure them properly. Gateway selection, design issues, feature configuration, and security and high-availability issues are all covered in depth. The abundant examples, screen shots, configuration snips, and case studies make this a truly practical and useful guide for anyone interested in the proper implementation of gateways and gatekeepers in a VoIP network. Emphasis is placed on the accepted best practices and common issues encountered in real-world deployments.

Cisco Voice Gateways and Gatekeepers is divided into four parts. Part I provides an overview of an IP voice network. Part II is dedicated to voice gateways, including discussions of Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP); H.323; Session Initiation Protocol (SIP); voice circuit options; connecting to the PSTN, PBX, and IP WAN; dial plans; digit manipulation; route selection; class of restriction; Survivable Remote Site Telephony (SRST) and MGCP fallback; digital signal processor (DSP) resources; and Tool Command Languaue (Tcl) scripts and Voice XML (VXML). Part III addresses voice gatekeepers, including detailed deployment and configuration. Part IV is dedicated to IP-to-IP gateways.

Foreword

Introduction

Part I Voice Gateways and Gatekeepers

Chapter 1 Gateways and Gatekeepers

The Role of Voice Gateways

Types of Voice Gateways

The Role of Voice Gatekeepers

The Role of IP-to-IP Gateways

Introduction to Voice Protocols

Media Gateway Control Protocol

H.323

Session Initiation Protocol

Skinny Client Control Protocol

Real-Time Transport Protocol

Call Control Agents

Cisco CallManager

Cisco CallManager Express

SIP Proxy Server

Cisco Enterprise Gateway

PBX with Toll Bypass

Deployment Scenarios

Single Site Deployment

Multisite with Centralized Call Control

Multisite Deployment with Distributed Call Control

Case Study: Introduction

Chapter Review Questions

Part II Gateways

Chapter 2 Media Gateway Control Protocol

Introduction to MGCP

Pros

Cons

MGCP Operation

MGCP Messages

Registering with CallManager

Call Flow with MGCP

Call Flow Between Analog Phones

ISDN Connections with Backhaul

MGCP Fallback

Dial Plan Considerations

Implementing MGCP Gateways

Basic MGCP Gateway Configuration

Configuring MGCP Fallback

Assigning an MGCP Source IP Address

Configuring MGCP PRI and BRI Backhaul

Enabling Multicast Music on Hold

Configuring Cisco CallManager

Configuring CallManager Redundancy

Configuring DTMF Relay

Securing MGCP Gateways

Troubleshooting Tools

Case Study: Configuring an MGCP Gateway

Review Questions

Chapter 3 H.323

H.323 Specifications

H.323 Network Components

H.323 Gateways

H.323 Gatekeepers

H.323 Terminals

Multipoint Control Units

H.323 Proxy Servers

Call Flow

H.323 Fast Start

H.323 Protocol Pros and Cons

Pros

Cons

When to Use H.323

Dial Plan Considerations

Implementing H.323 Gateways

Voice Class Configuration

Voice Service VoIP Configuration

Toll Bypass

Defining H.323 Gateways on CallManager

Redundancy

DTMF Relay

Securing H.323 Gateways

Troubleshooting Tools

Case Study: Configuring an H.323 Gateway

Review Questions

Chapter 4 Session Initiation Protocol

Description of SIP

SIP Functional Components

SIP Messages

SIP Call Flow

Call Flow Between Two SIP Gateways

Call Flow Using a Proxy Server

Call Flow Using Multiple Servers

Call Flow Using Cisco CallManager 5.x

SIP Pros and Cons

Pros

Cons

When to Use SIP

Dial Plan Considerations

Implementing SIP Gateways

SIP Dial Peer Configuration

SIP UA Configuration

SIP Voice Service Configuration

Toll Bypass

Registering with CallManager

DTMF Relay

Securing SIP Gateways

Allowing H.323 to SIP Connections

Troubleshooting Tools

Case Study: Configuring SIP Between a Gateway and CallManager 5.x

Review Questions

Chapter 5 Circuit Options

Circuit Signaling

Analog Circuits

FXS/FXO

E&M

Digital Circuits

E1 R2

ISDN

Echo Cancellation

Review Questions

Chapter 6 Connecting to the PSTN

PSTN Circuit Selection Overview

Supported Analog Connection Types

Supported Digital Connection Types

Analog Trunks

Configuring FXO Connections

Configuring DID Connections

Configuring Centralized Automated Message Accounting Connections

Caveats and Restrictions

Digital Trunks

Configuring E1/T1 Physical Layer Connections

Configuring ISDN PRI Trunks

Configuring E1 R2 Trunks

Configuring T1 CAS Trunks

Configuring ISDN BRI Trunks

Case Study: Add an E1 R2 Connection to the Leeds Gateway

Review Questions

Chapter 7 Connecting to PBXs

Analog Trunks

Configuring FXO/FXS Connections

Configuring E&M Trunks

Digital Trunks

Configuring E1/T1 Physical Layer Connections

Configuring ISDN PRI Trunks

Configuring E1 R2 or T1 CAS Trunks

Configuring Transparent Common Channel Signaling

Case Study: Implementing a Cisco Voice Gateway at the Shanghai Office

Review Questions

Chapter 8 Connecting to an IP WAN

Applications for Connecting to an IP WAN

Design Considerations

Quality of Service

Using Class Maps to Classify Traffic

Using Policy Maps

Mapping to MPLS Classes

Link Fragmentation and Interleave

Compression

AutoQos

Providing Fax and Modem Services

Providing Fax Services

Providing Modem Services

Security

Securing Voice Media and Signaling

V3PN

NAT and VoIP

Firewalls and VoIP

Case Study: Using a T1 Link as a Tie Line

Review Questions

Chapter 9 Dial Plans

Numbering Plans

Private Numbering Plans

PSTN Numbering Plans

Overlapping Numbering Plans

Building a Scalable Dial Plan

Dial Peers

Inbound Versus Outbound Dial Peers

Dial Peer Matching

Inbound Dial Peer Matching

Outbound Dial Peer Matching

Verifying Dial Peers

Outbound Dial Peer Targets

POTS Versus VoIP Outbound Dial Peers

Dial Peer Operational Status

Dial Peers Versus Cisco CallManager

Case Study: Configuring PSTN Access

Review Questions

Chapter 10 Digit Manipulation

Basic Digit Manipulation

Digit Stripping

Forward Digits

Prefix Digits

Number Expansion

Voice Translation Rules and Profiles

Creating Voice Translation Rules

Building Regular Expressions

Creating Voice Translation Profiles

Applying Voice Translation Profiles

Blocking Calls Using Voice Translation Rules and Profiles

Testing Voice Translation Rules

Manipulating Caller ID

CLID Commands

Station ID Commands

Order of Operation in Digit Manipulation

Troubleshooting Digit Manipulation

Case Study

Review Questions

Chapter 11 Influencing Path Selection

Hunt Groups

Using the preference Command

Using the huntstop Command

Using Digit Manipulation

Using Trunk Groups

Tail-End Hop-Off

Call Admission Control

Local CAC Mechanisms

Measurement-Based CAC Mechanisms

Resource-Based CAC Mechanisms

Resource Reservation Protocol

POTS-to-POTS Call Routing Considerations

Case Study: Implementing Gateway-Controlled RSVP

Review Questions

Chapter 12 Configuring Class of Restrictions

COR Overview

COR Operation

Implementing COR

Assigning COR Lists with SRST

Assigning COR Lists with Cisco CallManager Express

Assigning COR Lists to SIP Phones with CallManager Express

Restricting Inbound Calls

Case Study: Implementing COR for Miami

Review Questions

Chapter 13 SRST and MGCP Gateway Fallback

SRST Overview

Fallback Time

Restoral Time

Configuring SRST

Gateway Configuration

CallManager Configuration

Dial Plan Considerations

Planning

Configuring SRST Dial Plan Patterns

SRST Features

Auto Attendant

Maximum Line Appearances

Conferencing

Transferring Calls

Forwarding Calls

Voice-Mail Integration

Music on Hold

SIP SRST

Configuring SIP Registrar Server

Configuring a Voice Register Pool

Call Preservation

Secure SRST

Configuring Secure SRST

MGCP Gateway Fallback

Configuring MGCP Gateway Fallback

Verifying and Troubleshooting SRST

Verifying and Troubleshooting MGCP Gateway Fallback

Case Study: Integrating SRST with an Analog Voice-Mail System

Review Questions

Chapter 14 DSP Resources

Need for DSP Resources

Determining the DSP Resources Required

DSP Types

Voice Termination

DSP Sharing

Transcoding and MTP Resources

Conference Bridge Resources

Configuring DSP Resources

Configuring Transcoding and Conferencing (C549)

Configuring Enhanced Transcoding and Conferencing (C5510)

Transcoding for CallManager Express

Case Study: Add DSP Resources to the Miami Gateway

Review Questions

Chapter 15 Using Tcl Scripts and VoiceXML

Tcl IVR and VoiceXML Application Overview

Programming Resources

Sample Applications

Auto Attendant

Basic ACD

Fax Detect

T.37 Store and Forward Fax

Malicious Call ID

Cisco Voice Portal

Embedded Event Manager

Downloading Tcl Scripts from Cisco.com

Configuring the Gateway to Use a Tcl Script

Initializing Tcl Scripts and Specifying Parameters

Applying TclScripts

Tcl Packages and Parameter Namespaces

Tcl Parameters in Cisco IOS Release 12.3(14)T and Above

Implementing the AA Tcl Script

Creating Audio Files

Restrictions and Caveats

Case Study: Implementing ACD Application

Review Questions

Part III Gatekeepers

Chapter 16 Deploying Gatekeepers

Gatekeeper Functionality

Gatekeeper Signaling

RAS Signaling

Gatekeeper Update Protocol

Gatekeeper Transaction Message Protocol

E.164 Number Resolution

Zone Prefixes

Technology Prefixes

Gatekeeper Call Routing Process

Call Admission Control

Gatekeeper Deployment Models

Redundancy

Resource Availability Indicator

Directory Gatekeeper

Gatekeepers with CallManager

Security with Gatekeepers

Tokenless Call Authentication

Review Questions

Chapter 17 Gatekeeper Configuration

Configuring Basic Gatekeeper Functionality

Configuring Gatekeeper Zones

Configuring Gateways to Use H.323 Gatekeepers

Technology Prefixes

Configuring Zone Prefixes and Dial Peers

Dynamic Prefix Registration

Configuring Call Admission Control

Multiple Gatekeeper Configurations

Configuring Directory Gatekeepers

Troubleshooting Gatekeepers

Registration Issues

Call Routing Issues

CallManager and Gatekeepers

Configuring a CallManager Gatekeeper Trunk

Gatekeeper Redundancy

Hot Standby Routing Protocol

Gatekeeper Clustering

Load Balancing

Troubleshooting Gatekeeper Clustering

Configuring Resource Availability Indicator

Configuring Gatekeeper Security

Troubleshooting Gatekeeper Security

Case Study: Deploying Gatekeepers to Assist in Migration to VoIP

Review Questions

Part IV IP-to-IP Gateways

Chapter 18 Cisco Multiservice IP-to-IP Gateway

IP-to-IP Gateway Overview

Cisco Multiservice IP-to-IP Gateway

Architecture

Media-Handling Modes

Protocol Support

Basic Configuration

Via-Zones

IP-to-IP Gateway Features

Video Support

Address Hiding

Security

DTMF Interworking

Fax Support

Quality of Service

Call Admission Control

Transcoding

VXML and Tcl Scripts

Billing

show Commands

debug Commands

Case Study: Providing Enterprise VoIP Trunking to VoIP Service of the Service Provider

CallManager Configuration

Review Questions

Appendix A Answers to Chapter-Ending Review Questions

158705258x TOC 7/27/2006

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