Cisco ISE for BYOD and Secure Unified Access, 2nd Edition

Fully updated: The complete guide to Cisco Identity Services Engine solutions

Using Cisco Secure Access Architecture and Cisco Identity Services Engine, you can secure and gain control of access to your networks in a Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) world.

This second edition of Cisco ISE for BYOD and Secure Unified Accesscontains more than eight brand-new chapters as well as extensively updated coverage of all the previous topics in the first edition book to reflect the latest technologies, features, and best practices of the ISE solution. It begins by reviewing today’s business case for identity solutions. Next, you walk through ISE foundational topics and ISE design. Then you explore how to build an access security policy using the building blocks of ISE. Next are the in-depth and advanced ISE configuration sections, followed by the troubleshooting and monitoring chapters. Finally, we go in depth on the new TACACS+ device administration solution that is new to ISE and to this second edition.

With this book, you will gain an understanding of ISE configuration, such as identifying users, devices, and security posture; learn about Cisco Secure Access solutions; and master advanced techniques for securing access to networks, from dynamic segmentation to guest access and everything in between.

Drawing on their cutting-edge experience supporting Cisco enterprise customers, the authors offer in-depth coverage of the complete lifecycle for all relevant ISE solutions, making this book a cornerstone resource whether you’re an architect, engineer, operator, or IT manager.

· Review evolving security challenges associated with borderless networks, ubiquitous mobility, and consumerized IT

· Understand Cisco Secure Access, the Identity Services Engine (ISE), and the building blocks of complete solutions

· Design an ISE-enabled network, plan/distribute ISE functions, and prepare for rollout

· Build context-aware security policies for network access, devices, accounting, and audit

· Configure device profiles, visibility, endpoint posture assessments, and guest services

· Implement secure guest lifecycle management, from WebAuth to sponsored guest access

· Configure ISE, network access devices, and supplicants, step by step

· Apply best practices to avoid the pitfalls of BYOD secure access

· Set up efficient distributed ISE deployments

· Provide remote access VPNs with ASA and Cisco ISE

· Simplify administration with self-service onboarding and registration

· Deploy security group access with Cisco TrustSec

· Prepare for high availability and disaster scenarios

· Implement passive identities via ISE-PIC and EZ Connect

· Implement TACACS+ using ISE

· Monitor, maintain, and troubleshoot ISE and your entire Secure Access system

· Administer device AAA with Cisco IOS, WLC, and Nexus

Online Sample Chapter

Setting Up and Maintaining a Distributed ISE Deployment

Sample Pages

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Table of Contents

Introduction xxix

Part I Identity-Enabled Network: Unite!

Chapter 1 Regain Control of Your IT Security 1

Security: Still a Weakest-Link Problem 2

Cisco Identity Services Engine 3

Sources for Providing Identity and Context Awareness 5

Unleash the Power of Centralized Policy 6

Summary 8

Chapter 2 Fundamentals of AAA 9

Triple-A 10

Compare and Select AAA Options 10

Device Administration 11

Network Access 12

TACACS+ 13

TACACS+ Authentication Messages 14

TACACS+ Authorization and Accounting Messages 15

RADIUS 17

AV Pairs 20

Change of Authorization 20

Comparing RADIUS and TACACS+ 21

Summary 21

Chapter 3 Introducing Cisco Identity Services Engine 23

Architecture Approach to Centralized and Dynamic Network Security Policy Enforcement 23

Cisco Identity Services Engine Features and Benefits 26

ISE Platform Support and Compatibility 30

Cisco Identity Services Engine Policy Construct 30

ISE Authorization Rules 33

Summary 34

Part II The Blueprint, Designing an ISE-Enabled Network

Chapter 4 The Building Blocks in an Identity Services Engine Design 35

ISE Solution Components Explained 35

Infrastructure Components 36

Policy Components 42

Endpoint Components 42

ISE Personas 43

ISE Licensing, Requirements, and Performance 45

ISE Licensing 45

ISE Requirements 46

ISE Performance 47

ISE Policy-Based Structure Explained 48

Summary 49

Chapter 5 Making Sense of the ISE Deployment Design Options 51

Centralized Versus Distributed Deployment 52

Centralized Deployment 52

Distributed Deployment 55

Summary 58

Chapter 6 Quick Setup of an ISE Proof of Concept 59

Deploy ISE for Wireless in 15 Minutes 59

Wireless Setup Wizard Configuration 60

Guest Self-Registration Wizard 61

Secure Access Wizard 65

Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Wizard 67

Deploy ISE to Gain Visibility in 15 Minutes 69

Visibility Setup Wizard 69

Configuring Cisco Switches to Send ISE Profiling Data 73

Summary 75

Part III The Foundation, Building a Context-Aware Security Policy

Chapter 7 Building a Cisco ISE Network Access Security Policy 77

Components of a Cisco ISE Network Access Security Policy 78

Network Access Security Policy Checklist 79

Involving the Right People in the Creation of the Network Access Security Policy 79

Determining the High-Level Goals for Network Access Security 81

Common High-Level Network Access Security Goals 82

Network Access Security Policy Decision Matrix 84

Defining the Security Domains 85

Understanding and Defining ISE Authorization Rules 87

Commonly Configured Rules and Their Purpose 88

Establishing Acceptable Use Policies 89

Host Security Posture Assessment Rules to Consider 91

Sample NASP Format for Documenting ISE Posture Requirements 96

Common Checks, Rules, and Requirements 97

Method for Adding Posture Policy Rules 98

Research and Information 98

Establishing Criteria to Determine the Validity of a Security Posture Check, Rule, or Requirement in Your Organization 99

Method for Determining What Posture Policy Rules a Particular Security Requirement Should Be Applied To 100

Method for Deploying and Enforcing Security Requirements 101

Defining Dynamic Network Access Privileges 102

Enforcement Methods Available with ISE 102

Commonly Used Network Access Policies 103

Summary 105

Chapter 8 Building a Device Security Policy 107

ISE Device Profiling 107

ISE Profiling Policies 109

ISE Profiler Data Sources 110

Using Device Profiles in Authorization Rules 111

Threat-Centric NAC 111

Using TC-NAC as Part of Your Incident Response Process 113

Summary 116

Chapter 9 Building an ISE Accounting and Auditing Policy 117

Why You Need Accounting and Auditing for ISE 117

Using PCI DSS as Your ISE Auditing Framework 118

ISE Policy for PCI 10.1: Ensuring Unique Usernames and Passwords 126

ISE Policy for PCI 10.2 and 10.3: Audit Log Collection 128

ISE Policy for PCI 10.5.3, 10.5.4, and 10.7: Ensure the Integrity and Confidentiality of Audit Log Data 129

ISE Policy for PCI 10.6: Review Audit Data Regularly 130

Cisco ISE User Accounting 131

Summary 132

Part IV Let's Configure!

Chapter 10 Profiling Basics and Visibility 133

Understanding Profiling Concepts 133

ISE Profiler Work Center 137

ISE Profiling Probes 137

Probe Configuration 138

DHCP and DHCPSPAN Probes 140

RADIUS Probe 142

Network Scan (NMAP) Probe 143

DNS Probe 147

SNMPQUERY and SNMPTRAP Probes 148

Active Directory Probe 149

HTTP Probe 150

HTTP Profiling Without Probes 152

NetFlow Probe 152

Infrastructure Configuration 153

DHCP Helper 153

SPAN Configuration 156

VLAN ACL Captures 157

Device Sensor 157

VMware Configurations to Allow Promiscuous Mode 159

Profiling Policies 160

Profiler Feed Service 160

Configuring the Profiler Feed Service 160

Verifying the Profiler Feed Service 162

Offline Manual Update 164

Endpoint Profile Policies 167

Context Visibility 169

Logical Profiles 178

ISE Profiler and CoA 179

Global CoA 180

Per-Profile CoA 181

Global Profiler Settings 182

Configure SNMP Settings for Probes 182

Endpoint Attribute Filtering 182

NMAP Scan Subnet Exclusions 183

Profiles in Authorization Policies 183

Endpoint Identity Groups 183

EndPointPolicy 187

Importing Profiles 187

Verifying Profiling 189

The Dashboard 189

Endpoints Dashboard 189

Context Visibility 190

Device Sensor Show Commands 191

Triggered NetFlow: A Woland-Santuka Pro Tip 191

Summary 194

Chapter 11 Bootstrapping Network Access Devices 195

Cisco Catalyst Switches 195

Global Configuration Settings for Classic IOS and IOS 15.x Switches 196

Configure Certificates on a Switch 196

Enable the Switch HTTP/HTTPS Server 197

Global AAA Commands 198

Global RADIUS Commands 199

Create Local Access Control Lists for Classic IOS and IOS 15.x 202

Global 802.1X Commands 204

Global Logging Commands (Optional) 204

Global Profiling Commands 205

Interface Configuration Settings for Classic IOS and IOS 15.x Switches 207

Configure Interfaces as Switch Ports 208

Configure Flexible Authentication and High Availability 208

Configure Authentication Settings 211

Configure Authentication Timers 212

Apply the Initial ACL to the Port and Enable Authentication 213

Configuration Settings for C3PL Switches 213

Why Use C3PL? 213

Global Configuration for C3PL 216

Global RADIUS Commands for C3PL 217

Configure Local ACLs and Local Service Templates 219

Global 802.1X Commands 220

C3PL Fundamentals 221

Configure the C3PL Policies 222

Cisco Wireless LAN Controllers 225

AireOS Features and Version History 225

Configure the AAA Servers 226

Add the RADIUS Authentication Servers 226

Add the RADIUS Accounting Servers 227

Configure RADIUS Fallback (High Availability) 229

Configure the Airespace ACLs 229

Create the Web Authentication Redirection ACL 230

Add Google URLs for ACL Bypass 231

Create the Dynamic Interfaces for the Client VLANs 232

Create the Employee Dynamic Interface 233

Create the Guest Dynamic Interface 234

Create the Wireless LANs 236

Create the Guest WLAN 236

Create the Corporate SSID 240

Summary 245

Chapter 12 Network Authorization Policy Elements 247

ISE Authorization Policy Elements 247

Authorization Results 251

Configuring Authorization Downloadable ACLs 251

Configuring Authorization Profiles 253

Summary 256

Chapter 13 Authentication and Authorization Policies 257

Relationship Between Authentication and Authorization 257

Enable Policy Sets 258

Authentication Policy Goals 261

Accept Only Allowed Protocols 261

Route to the Correct Identity Store 261

Validate the Identity 261

Pass the Request to the Authorization Policy 262

Understanding Authentication Policies 262

Conditions 263

Allowed Protocols 266

Authentication Protocol Primer 268

Identity Store 271

Options 272

Common Authentication Policy Examples 272

Using the Wireless SSID 272

Remote-Access VPN 277

Alternative ID Stores Based on EAP Type 278

Authorization Policies 280

Goals of Authorization Policies 280

Understanding Authorization Policies 280

Role-Specific Authorization Rules 286

Authorization Policy Example 286

Employee and Corporate Machine Full-Access Rule 286

Internet Only for Mobile Devices 288

Employee Limited Access Rule 292

Saving Attributes for Reuse 295

Summary 297

Chapter 14 Guest Lifecycle Management 299

Overview of ISE Guest Services 301

Hotspot Guest Portal Configuration 302

Sponsored Guest Portal Configuration 304

Create an Active Directory Identity Store 304

Create ISE Guest Types 305

Create Guest Sponsor Groups 307

Authentication and Authorization Guest Policies 310

Guest Pre-Authentication Authorization Policy 310

Guest Post-Authentication Authorization Policy 312

Guest Sponsor Portal Configuration 313

Guest Portal Interface and IP Configuration 313

Sponsor and Guest Portal Customization 313

Sponsor Portal Behavior and Flow Settings 313

Sponsor Portal Page Customization 315

Guest Portal Behavior and Flow Settings 316

Guest Portal Page Customization 317

Creating Multiple Guest Portals 318

Guest Sponsor Portal Usage 318

Sponsor Portal Layout 319

Creating Guest Accounts 320

Managing Guest Accounts 320

Configuration of Network Devices for Guest CWA 321

Wired Switches 321

Wireless LAN Controllers 322

Summary 325

Chapter 15 Client Posture Assessment 327

ISE Posture Assessment Flow 329

Configure Global Posture and Client Provisioning Settings 331

Posture Client Provisioning Global Setup 331

Posture Global Setup 335

Posture General Settings 335

Posture Reassessments 336

Posture Updates 337

Acceptable Use Policy Enforcement 338

Configure the AnyConnect and NAC Client Provisioning Rules 339

AnyConnect Agent with ISE Compliance Module 339

AnyConnect Posture Profile Creation 340

AnyConnect Configuration File Creation 341

AnyConnect Client Provisioning Policy 343

Configure the Client Provisioning Portal 343

Configure Posture Elements 345

Configure Posture Conditions 345

Configure Posture Remediations 349

Configure Posture Requirements 353

Configure Posture Policy 355

Configure Host Application Visibility and Context Collection (Optional) 357

Enable Posture Client Provisioning and Assessment in Your ISE Authorization Policies 359

Posture Client Provisioning 359

Authorization Based On Posture Compliance 360

Posture Reports and Troubleshooting 361

Enable Posture Assessment in the Network 362

Summary 363

Chapter 16 Supplicant Configuration 365

Comparison of Popular Supplicants 366

Configuring Common Supplicants 367

Mac OS X 10.8.2 Native Supplicant Configuration 367

Windows GPO Configuration for Wired Supplicant 369

Windows 7, 8/8.1, and 10 Native Supplicant Configuration 373

Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client NAM 377

Summary 382

Chapter 17 BYOD: Self-Service Onboarding and Registration 383

BYOD Challenges 384

Onboarding Process 386

BYOD Onboarding 386

Dual SSID 387

Single SSID 387

Configuring NADs for Onboarding 388

ISE Configuration for Onboarding 392

End-User Experience 393

Configuring ISE for Onboarding 408

BYOD Onboarding Process Detailed 423

MDM Onboarding 429

Integration Points 430

Configuring MDM Integration 431

Configuring MDM Onboarding Policies 433

The Opposite of BYOD: Identify Corporate Systems 435

EAP Chaining 436

Summary 437

Chapter 18 Setting Up and Maintaining a Distributed ISE Deployment 439

Configuring ISE Nodes in a Distributed Environment 439

Make the Policy Administration Node a Primary Device 440

Register an ISE Node to the Deployment 442

Ensure the Persona of All Nodes Is Accurate 445

Understanding the HA Options Available 446

Primary and Secondary Nodes 446

Monitoring & Troubleshooting Nodes 446

Policy Administration Nodes 448

Policy Service Nodes and Node Groups 450

Create a Node Group 451

Add the Policy Service Nodes to the Node Group 452

Using Load Balancers 453

General Guidelines 454

Failure Scenarios 455

Anycast HA for ISE PSNs 456

Cisco IOS Load Balancing 459

Maintaining ISE Deployments 460

Patching ISE 460

Backup and Restore 462

Summary 463

Chapter 19 Remote Access VPN and Cisco ISE 465

Introduction to VPNs 465

Client-Based Remote Access VPN 468

Configuring a Client-Based RA-VPN on the Cisco ASA 469

Download the Latest AnyConnect Headend Packages 470

Prepare the Headend 471

Add an AnyConnect Connection Profile 473

Add the ISE PSNs to the AAA Server Group 478

Add a Client Address Pool 481

Perform Network Reachability Tasks 484

Configure ISE for the ASA VPN 487

Testing the Configuration 488

Perform a Basic AAA Test 488

Log In to the ASA Web Portal 490

Connect to the VPN via AnyConnect 492

Remote Access VPN and Posture 494

RA-VPN with Posture Flows 495

Adding the Access Control Lists to ISE and the ASA 496

Adding Posture Policies to the VPN Policy Set 499

Watching It Work 501

Extending the ASA Remote Access VPN Capabilities 507

Double Authentication 507

Certificate-Based Authentication 509

Provisioning Certificates 509

Authenticating the VPN with Certificates 515

Connecting to the VPN via CertProfile 518

Summary 519

Chapter 20 Deployment Phases 521

Why Use a Phased Approach? 521

A Phased Approach 523

Authentication Open Versus Standard 802.1X 524

Monitor Mode 526

Prepare ISE for a Staged Deployment 527

Create the Network Device Groups 528

Create the Policy Sets 529

Low-Impact Mode 530

Closed Mode 532

Transitioning from Monitor Mode to Your End State 534

Wireless Networks 535

Summary 535

Part V Advanced Secure Access Features

Chapter 21 Advanced Profiling Configuration 537

Profiler Work Center 537

Creating Custom Profiles for Unknown Endpoints 538

Identifying Unique Values for an Unknown Device 539

Collecting Information for Custom Profiles 541

Creating Custom Profiler Conditions 542

Creating Custom Profiler Policies 543

Advanced NetFlow Probe Configuration 544

Commonly Used NetFlow Attributes 546

Example Profiler Policy Using NetFlow 546

Designing for Efficient Collection of NetFlow Data 547

Configuration of NetFlow on Cisco Devices 548

Profiler CoA and Exceptions 550

Types of CoA 551

Creating Exceptions Actions 552

Configuring CoA and Exceptions in Profiler Policies 552

Profiler Monitoring and Reporting 553

Summary 556

Chapter 22 Cisco TrustSec AKA Security Group Access 557

Ingress Access Control Challenges 558

VLAN Assignment 558

Ingress Access Control Lists 560

What Is TrustSec? 562

So, What Is a Security Group Tag? 562

Defining the SGTs 564

Classification 565

Dynamically Assigning an SGT via 802.1X 566

Manually Assigning an SGT at the Port 567

Manually Binding IP Addresses to SGTs 568

Access Layer Devices That Do Not Support SGTs 569

Transport: SGT eXchange Protocol (SXP) 569

SXP Design 570

Configuring SXP on IOS Devices 572

Configur

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