Build the Best Data Center Facility for Your Business
- By Douglas Alger
- Published Jun 16, 2005 by Cisco Press.
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- Copyright 2005
- Dimensions: 7-3/8" x 9-1/8"
- Edition: 1st
- eBook
- ISBN-10: 1-58705-442-6
- ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-442-6
A comprehensive guide to designing and operating reliable server environments
All data centers are unique, but they all share the same mission: to protect your company’s valuable information. Build the Best Data Center Facility for Your Business answers your individual questions in one flexible step-by-step reference guide.
Benefit from the author’s concise and practical approach to data center design and management. The author distills this complex topic by sharing his first-hand and worldwide experience and expertise. Regardless of your experience level, you can fill your knowledge gaps on how to safeguard your company’s valuable equipment and intellectual property.
This easy-to-navigate book is divided into two parts: Part I covers data center design and physical infrastructure details, and Part II covers data center management and operations. You can also access supplementary online materials for installation instructions, which include customizable data center design templates, written cabling specifications, and sample drawings.
If you need a starting point for designing your first data center, regardless of size; if you need to prepare yourself with comprehensive strategies to retrofit or improve an existing one; or if you need proven methods to manage a data center for maximum productivity—this book is your readily accessible, comprehensive resource for answers and insights.
Invest in the best future for your business by learning how to build and manage robust and productive data centers now.
This book is part of the Networking Technology Series from Cisco Press‚ which offers networking professionals valuable information for constructing efficient networks, understanding new technologies, and building successful careers.
Table of Contents
Foreword
Introduction
Part I Designing the Data Center Infrastructure
Chapter 1 Approaching the Data Center Project
Understanding the Value of Your Data Center
Deciding Whether to Outsource
Defining Requirements and Roles
Client Needs
Cross-Functional Support
Architecting a Productive Data Center
Make It Robust
Make It Modular
Make It Flexible
Standardize
Promote Good Habits
Previewing Data Center Components
Physical Space
Raised Flooring
In-Room Electrical
Standby Power
Cabling
Cooling
Fire Suppression
Other Infrastructure Components
Establishing Data Center Design Criteria
Availability
Infrastructure Tiers
One Room or Several?
Life Span
Budget Decisions
Managing a Data Center Project
The Design Package
Working with Experts
Tips for a Successful Project
Summary
Chapter 2 Choosing an Optimal Site
Assessing Viable Locations for Your Data Center
Building Codes and the Data Center Site
Site Risk Factors
Natural Disasters
Pollution
Electromagnetic Interference
Vibration
Political Climates
Flight Paths
Evaluating Physical Attributes of the Data Center Site
Relative Location
Accessibility
Disaster Recovery Options
Pre-Existing Infrastructure
Power Analysis
Cooling Capabilities
Structured Cabling
Amenities and Obstacles
Clearances
Weight Issues
Loading Dock
Freight Elevators
Problem Areas
Distribution of Key Systems
Confirming Service Availability to the Data Center Site
Prioritizing Needs for the Data Center Site
Summary
Chapter 3 Quantifying Data Center Space
Sizing the Data Center
Financial and Other Considerations When Sizing the Data Center
Employee-Based Sizing Method
Equipment-Based Sizing Method
Other Influencing Factors When Sizing Your Data Center
Determining Shape and Placement of Your Data Center
Desirable and Undesirable Spaces to Place Your Data Center
Growth Paths for Your Data Center’s Space
Consolidation Options for Your Data Center
Structure and Finishes of the Data Center
Associated Data Center Support Rooms
Electrical Room
Networking Room
Loading Dock
Build Room
Storage Room
Operations Command Center
Backup Room
Media Storage Area
Vendor Service Areas
Summary
Chapter 4 Laying Out the Data Center
Drawing Tools Available to Create Your Data Center Layout
The Floor Grid
Defining Spaces for Physical Elements of Your Data Center
Mechanical Equipment
Power Distribution Units
Air Handlers
Fire Suppression Tanks
Buffer Zones
Aisles
Equipment Rows
Form Versus Function
Setting Row Dimensions
Networking Rows
Orienting Rows
Weight Issues
Seismic Mitigation
Dealing with Obstacles
Irregular Spaces
Structural Columns
Piping
System Controls
Telephones
Common Problems
The Floor Grid Is Positioned Incorrectly
Infrastructure Items Are Installed Backwards
Floor Space Between Rows Is Too Narrow
Infrastructure Items Are Uncoordinated or Misplaced
Summary
Chapter 5 Overhead or Under-Floor Installation?
Overhead Installation
Under-Floor Installation
Separation of Power and Data
Plenum and Non-Plenum Spaces
Ceiling Components
Raised Floor Components
Floor Height
Ramps and Lifts
Weight Bearing Ability
Types of Floor Tiles
Floor Tiles and Static
Termination Details
The Subfloor
Common Problems
Tile Cut-outs Are Poorly Sized or in the Wrong Location
Cabling Installed in Plenum Spaces Aren’t Properly Rated
The Raised Floor System Isn’t Strong Enough to Accommodate Equipment
Summary
Chapter 6 Creating a Robust Electrical System
Recommended Electrical System Features
Isolated Power
Avoiding Single Points of Failure
Maintenance Bypass Options
Remote Infrastructure Management
In-Room Power
Determining Power Requirements
Power Distribution
Power Redundancy
Wiring, Component, and Termination Options
Labeling and Documenting
Convenience Outlets
Emergency Power Off
Standby Power
Load Requirements
Batteries
Generators
Monitoring Lights
Labeling and Documenting
Installation and Grounding
Signal Reference Grid
Testing and Verification
Common Problems
Summary
Chapter 7 Designing a Scalable Network Infrastructure
Importance of the Physical Network
Cabling Hierarchy
Cable Characteristics
Copper Cabling
Fiber-Optic Cable
Multimode Fiber
Singlemode Fiber
Cabling Costs
Storage Area Networks (SANs)
Determining Connectivity Requirements
Network Redundancy
Networking Room
Common Termination Options
Copper Cabling Terminators
Fiber Cabling Terminators
Color-Coding Cabling Materials
Building-to-Building Connectivity
Recommended Installation Practices
General Installation
Bundling Structured Cabling
Minimum Bend Radius
Reverse Fiber Positioning
Labeling the Structured Cabling System
Cabinet Installations
Testing and Verifying Structured Cabling
Wire Management
Common Problems
Summary
Chapter 8 Keeping It Cool
Cooling Requirements
Chilled Liquid Cooling
House Air
Makeup Air
Cooling Quantities and Temperature Ranges
Redundancy in Your Cooling Infrastructure
Cooling Distribution and Air Pressure
Humidity
Layout, Cabinets, and Cooling
Space
Positioning Air Handlers
Hot and Cold Aisles
Cabinet Design
Fire Suppression
Suppression Materials
Sprinklers
Manual Controls
Design Details
Air Sampling and Smoke Detection
Fire Alarms
Handheld Extinguishers
Common Problems
Summary
Chapter 9 Removing Skeletons from Your Server Closet
Lack of Space
Space Saving Measures
New Construction
Chaos
Infrastructure Shortcomings
Power
Connectivity
Cooling
Fire Suppression
Structural Support
Paradigm Shifts
Acquisitions
Large-Scale Server Moves
Summary
Part II Managing the DataCenter
Chapter 10 Organizing Your Way to an Easier Job
The Need For Organization
Organizing Equipment: Form vs Function
Clustering by Function
Organizing by Business Group
Grouping by Manufacturer
Not Organizing at All
Planning for Growth
Controlling Incoming Equipment
Summary
Chapter 11 Labeling and Signage
Choosing a Numbering Scheme
Recommended Labeling Practices
Cable Runs
Electrical Conduits
Cabinet Locations
Servers and Networking Devices
Server Rows
Piping
Essential Signage
Fire Alarm Instructions
Fire Suppression System Instructions
Emergency Power Off Instructions
Monitoring Lights
Emergency Contacts
Final Note
Summary
Chapter 12 Stocking and Standardizing
Equipping a Data Center
Patch Cords and Adapters
Server Cabinets
Tools
Accessories
Equipment Spares
Summary
Chapter 13 Safeguarding the Servers
Physical Access Restrictions
Door Controls
Cages
Locking Cabinets
Closed-Circuit Television Coverage
Access Policies and Procedures
“Do’s”
Implement Change Management
Change Defined
Change Request Essentials
When to Make Changes
Use Only Approved Materials
Follow Security Procedures
“Don’ts”
Don’t Leave Trash in the Data Center
Don’t Steal Items or Infrastructure
Don’t String Cables Between Cabinets
Good Installation Practices
Manage Cabinet Space
Properly Use Rack Units
The Balance of Power
Route Cabling Neatly
Label Thoroughly
Data Center Tours
Summary
Chapter 14 Mapping, Monitoring, and Metrics
Documenting the Data Center
Floor Plan
As-Builts
Server Inventory
Applications
Processes
Features and Philosophies
Monitoring from Afar
Web Cameras
Amperage Meters
Temperature Sensors
Humidity Sensors
Gathering Metrics
Maintaining an Incident Log
Availability Metrics
Other Useful Data
Summary
Chapter 15 Maintaining a World-Class Environment
The Importance of Data Center Maintenance
Regular Upkeep
Professional Cleaning
Vendor Qualifications and Credentials
Approved Cleaning Equipment and Materials
Pre-Cleaning Steps
Standards of Operations
Cleaning Procedures
Above-Ceiling
Below-Ceiling
Servers and Networking Devices
Other Above-Floor Items
Floor Surface
Subfloor
Post-Cleaning Steps
Frequency
Common Problems
Summary
Glossary
Index
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