Table of Contents
Foreword
Introduction
Part I New CCNP Exam Approaches
Chapter 1 The Planning Tasks of the CCNP Exams
Perspectives on CCNP Exam Topics Related to Planning 5
CCNP Switch Exam Topics That Do Not Require the CLI 6
Planning Exam Topics 7
Relating the Exam Topics to a Typical Network Engineer’s Job 8
A Fictitious Company and Networking Staff 9
The Design Step 10
Implementation Planning Step 10
Verification Planning Step 11
Documenting Implementation Results 12
Summary of the Role of Network Engineers 12
How to Prepare for the Planning Topics on the CCNP Exams 13
Part II Building a Campus Network
Chapter 2 Switch Operation
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 17
Foundation Topics 20
Layer 2 Switch Operation 20
Transparent Bridging 20
Follow That Frame! 22
Multilayer Switch Operation 24
Types of Multilayer Switching 24
Follow That Packet! 25
Multilayer Switching Exceptions 26
Tables Used in Switching 27
Content-Addressable Memory 27
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory 28
Monitoring Switching Tables 32
CAM Table Operation 32
TCAM Operation 35
Exam Preparation Tasks 36
Review All Key Topics 36
Define Key Terms 36
Use Command Reference to Check Your Memory 36
Chapter 3 Switch Port Configuration
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 39
Foundation Topics 42
Ethernet Concepts 42
Ethernet (10 Mbps) 42
Fast Ethernet 43
Gigabit Ethernet 45
10-Gigabit Ethernet 47
Connecting Switches and Devices 48
Ethernet Port Cables and Connectors 48
Gigabit Ethernet Port Cables and Connectors 49
Switch Port Configuration 50
Selecting Ports to Configure 50
Identifying Ports 52
Port Speed 52
Port Duplex Mode 52
Managing Error Conditions on a Switch Port 53
Enable and Use the Switch Port 55
Troubleshooting Port Connectivity 55
Exam Preparation Tasks 57
Review All Key Topics 57
Define Key Terms 57
Use Command Reference to Check Your Memory 57
Chapter 4 VLANs and Trunks
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 61
Foundation Topics 65
Virtual LANs 65
VLAN Membership 65
Deploying VLANs 69
VLAN Trunks 70
VLAN Frame Identification 71
Dynamic Trunking Protocol 74
VLAN Trunk Configuration 75
VLAN Trunk Configuration 75
Troubleshooting VLANs and Trunks 79
Exam Preparation Tasks 82
Review All Key Topics 82
Define Key Terms 82
Use Command Reference to Check Your Memory 82
Chapter 5 VLAN Trunking Protocol
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 85
Foundation Topics 88
VLAN Trunking Protocol 88
VTP Domains 88
VTP Modes 88
VTP Advertisements 89
VTP Configuration 92
Configuring a VTP Management Domain 93
Configuring the VTP Mode 93
Configuring the VTP Version 95
VTP Configuration Example 96
VTP Status 96
VTP Pruning 97
Enabling VTP Pruning 99
Troubleshooting VTP 100
Exam Preparation task 102
Review All Key Topics 102
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 102
Define Key Terms 102
Use Command Reference to Check Your Memory 102
Chapter 6 Aggregating Switch Links
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 105
Foundation Topics 108
Switch Port Aggregation with EtherChannel 108
Bundling Ports with EtherChannel 109
Distributing Traffic in EtherChannel 109
Configuring EtherChannel Load Balancing 111
EtherChannel Negotiation Protocols 112
Port Aggregation Protocol 113
Link Aggregation Control Protocol 113
EtherChannel Configuration 114
Configuring a PAgP EtherChannel 114
Configuring a LACP EtherChannel 115
Troubleshooting an EtherChannel 116
Exam Preparation Tasks 120
Review All Key Topics 120
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 120
Define Key Terms 120
Command Reference to Check Your Memory 120
Chapter 7 Traditional Spanning Tree Protocol
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 123
Foundation Topics 126
IEEE 802.1D Overview 126
Bridging Loops 126
Preventing Loops with Spanning Tree Protocol 129
Spanning-Tree Communication: Bridge Protocol Data Units 130
Electing a Root Bridge 131
Electing Root Ports 133
Electing Designated Ports 135
STP States 137
STP Timers 139
Topology Changes 141
Types of STP 146
Common Spanning Tree 147
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree 147
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus 147
Exam Preparation Tasks 149
Review All Key Topics 149
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 149
Define Key Terms 149
Chapter 8 Spanning-Tree Configuration
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 151
Foundation Topics 154
STP Root Bridge 154
Root Bridge Placement 154
Root Bridge Configuration 157
Spanning-Tree Customization 161
Tuning the Root Path Cost 161
Tuning the Port ID 163
Tuning Spanning-Tree Convergence 164
Modifying STP Timers 164
Redundant Link Convergence 167
PortFast: Access-Layer Nodes 167
UplinkFast: Access-Layer Uplinks 168
BackboneFast: Redundant Backbone Paths 170
Monitoring STP 171
Exam Preparation Tasks 173
Review All Key Topics 173
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 173
Define Key Terms 173
Use Command Reference to Check Your Memory 173
Chapter 9 Protecting the Spanning Tree Protocol Topology
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 177
Foundation Topics 180
Protecting Against Unexpected BPDUs 180
Root Guard 180
BPDU Guard 181
Protecting Against Sudden Loss of BPDUs 182
Loop Guard 183
UDLD 184
Using BPDU Filtering to Disable STP on a Port 186
Troubleshooting STP Protection 187
Exam Preparation Task 188
Review All Key Topics 188
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 188
Define Key Terms 188
Use Command Reference to Check Your Memory 188
Chapter 10 Advanced Spanning Tree Protocol
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 193
Foundation Topics 196
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol 196
RSTP Port Behavior 196
BPDUs in RSTP 197
RSTP Convergence 198
Topology Changes and RSTP 201
RSTP Configuration 202
Rapid Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Protocol 203
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol 204
MST Overview 206
MST Regions 206
Spanning-Tree Instances Within MST 207
MST Configuration 209
Exam Preparation Tasks 211
Review All Key Topics 211
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 211
Define Key Terms 212
Use Command Reference to Check Your Memory 212
Chapter 11 Multilayer Switching
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 215
Foundation Topics 218
InterVLAN Routing 218
Types of Interfaces 218
Configuring InterVLAN Routing 219
Multilayer Switching with CEF 221
Traditional MLS Overview 221
CEF Overview 222
Forwarding Information Base 222
Adjacency Table 226
Packet Rewrite 229
Configuring CEF 229
Verifying Multilayer Switching 230
Verifying InterVLAN Routing 230
Verifying CEF 232
Using DHCP with a Multilayer Switch 233
Configuring an IOS DHCP Server 235
Configuring a DHCP Relay 235
Exam Preparation Tasks 237
Review All Key Topics 237
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 237
Define Key Terms 237
Use Command Reference to Check Your Memory 237
Part III Designing Campus Networks
Chapter 12 Enterprise Campus Network Design
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 243
Foundation Topics 247
Hierarchical Network Design 247
Predictable Network Model 249
Access Layer 251
Distribution Layer 251
Core Layer 251
Modular Network Design 252
Switch Block 254
Core Block 259
Exam Preparation Tasks 263
Review All Key Topics 263
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 263
Define Key Terms 263
Chapter 13 Layer 3 High Availability
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 265
Foundation Topics 268
Router Redundancy in Multilayer Switching 268
Packet-Forwarding Review 268
Hot Standby Router Protocol 269
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol 277
Gateway Load Balancing Protocol 280
Verifying Gateway Redundancy 289
Supervisor and Route Processor Redundancy 289
Redundant Switch Supervisors 289
Configuring the Redundancy Mode 290
Configuring Supervisor Synchronization 293
Nonstop Forwarding 293
Exam Preparation Tasks 295
Review All Key Topics 295
Define Key Terms 295
Use Command Reference to Check Your Memory 295
Part IV Campus Network Services
Chapter 14 IP Telephony
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 301
Foundation Topics 304
Power over Ethernet 304
How PoE Works 304
Detecting a Powered Device 304
Supplying Power to a Device 305
Configuring PoE 307
Verifying PoE 307
Voice VLANs 308
Voice VLAN Configuration 308
Verifying Voice VLAN Operation 311
Voice QoS 312
QoS Overview 313
Best-Effort Delivery 314
Integrated Services Model 314
Differentiated Services Model 314
DiffServ QoS 315
Implementing QoS for Voice 318
Configuring a Trust Boundary 319
Using Auto-QoS to Simplify a Configuration 321
Verifying Voice QoS 324
Exam Preparation Tasks 327
Review All Key Topics 327
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 327
Define Key Terms 327
Use Command Reference to Check Your Memory 328
Chapter 15 Integrating Wireless LANs
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 331
Foundation Topics 335
Wireless LAN Basics 335
Comparing Wireless and Wired LANs 335
Avoiding Collisions in a WLAN 336
WLAN Building Blocks 338
Access Point Operation 340
Wireless LAN Cells 341
WLAN Architecture 344
Traditional WLAN Architecture 344
Cisco Unified Wireless Network Architecture 346
WLC Functions 349
Lightweight AP Operation 350
Traffic Patterns in a Cisco Unified Wireless Network 352
Roaming in a Cisco Unified Wireless Network 354
Intracontroller Roaming 355
Intercontroller Roaming 356
Mobility Groups 361
Configuring Switch Ports for WLAN Use 361
Configuring Support for Autonomous APs 361
Configuring Support for LAPs 362
Configuring Support for WLCs 363
Exam Preparation Tasks 365
Review All Key Topics 365
Define Key Terms 365
Part V Securing Switched Networks
Chapter 16 Securing Switch Access
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 369
Foundation Topics 373
Port Security 373
Port-Based Authentication 376
802.1x Configuration 376
802.1x Port-Based Authentication Example 378
Mitigating Spoofing Attacks 378
DHCP Snooping 379
IP Source Guard 381
Dynamic ARP Inspection 383
Best Practices for Securing Switches 385
Exam Preparation Tasks 389
Review All Key Topics 389
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 389
Define Key Terms 389
Use Command Reference to Check Your Memory 390
Chapter 17 Securing with VLANs
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 393
Foundation Topics 396
VLAN Access Lists 396
VACL Configuration 396
Private VLANs 397
Private VLAN Configuration 399
Configure the Private VLANs 399
Associate Ports with Private VLANs 400
Associate Secondary VLANs to a Primary VLAN SVI 401
Securing VLAN Trunks 402
Switch Spoofing 402
VLAN Hopping 404
Exam Preparation Tasks 407
Review All Key Topics 407
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 407
Define Key Terms 407
Use Command Reference to Check Your Memory 408
Part VI Final Exam Preparation
Chapter 18 Final Preparation
Exam Engine on the CD 413
Install the Exam Engine Software from the CD 413
Download and Activate the Practice Exam Content 414
Activating Other Exams 414
Study Plan 415
Recall the Facts 415
Practice Configurations 415
Use the Exam Engine 416
The Cisco Learning Network 416
Part VII Appendixes
Appendix A Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes 421
Glossary 431
On This Book’s Website:
Appendix B SWITCH Exam Updates: Version 1.0
On This Book’s CD:
Appendix C Memory Tables
Appendix D Memory Tables Answer Key